【摘要】：留學(xué)生是國與國之間文化交流的重要途徑,研究在華外國留學(xué)生的跨文化適應(yīng)具有十分重要的意義。跨文化是一個留學(xué)生與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣髁魅后w交往的過程,因此留學(xué)生群體必然會受到主流群體的影響。在主流群體對留學(xué)生的影響因素中,主流群體的態(tài)度是一個重要的方面,留學(xué)生對主流群體態(tài)度的知覺能夠影響他們的跨文化適應(yīng)結(jié)果。跨文化適應(yīng)方向是跨文化適應(yīng)研究中另一個比較重要的因素,它是指留學(xué)生對東道國主流群體及其民族的文化行為的傾向性,這種傾向性也會影響跨文化適應(yīng)結(jié)果。本研究從在華留學(xué)生的角度,選取主流群體態(tài)度知覺和跨文化適應(yīng)方向這兩個重要的影響因素,以跨文化適應(yīng)結(jié)果作為跨文化適應(yīng)的指標(biāo),探討在華留學(xué)生主流群體態(tài)度知覺和跨文化適應(yīng)方向?qū)缥幕m應(yīng)結(jié)果的影響,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討三者之間的關(guān)系。本研究主要針對在中國大陸的外國留學(xué)生,采用方便取樣法對山東省、廣東省、北京市等地838名被試進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示:1、在華留學(xué)生在消極態(tài)度知覺、采納中國文化方向和社會文化適應(yīng)上具有顯著的性別差異,具體表現(xiàn)為女性在消極態(tài)度知覺上的得分比男性低,女性比男性更少的采納中國文化,女性在社會文化適應(yīng)上比男性差;消極態(tài)度知覺在年齡上存在顯著差異,主要表現(xiàn)為24~28歲留學(xué)生的消極態(tài)度知覺顯著高于19~23歲、41~49歲和50歲以上的留學(xué)生;采納中國文化方向在HSK(漢語水平考試,分為1-6級,級別越高代表漢語能力越好)水平上具有顯著差異,等級為6的被試得分高于等級為3、4和無等級的被試。2、在華留學(xué)生主流群體積極態(tài)度知覺對保持原有文化方向、采納中國文化方向、生活滿意度和社會文化適應(yīng)均有顯著的正向預(yù)測作用;而消極態(tài)度知覺對保持原有文化方向、社會文化適應(yīng)和生活滿意度具有顯著的負(fù)向預(yù)測作用;保持原有文化方向和采納中國文化方向都對生活滿意度和社會文化適應(yīng)有顯著的正向預(yù)測作用。3、跨文化適應(yīng)方向為主流群體態(tài)度知覺與跨文化適應(yīng)結(jié)果之間的中介變量。具體表現(xiàn)為,積極態(tài)度知覺既可以直接影響在華留學(xué)生的生活滿意度和社會文化適應(yīng),也可以通過保持原有文化和采納中國文化的多重中介作用來影響生活滿意度和社會文化適應(yīng);消極態(tài)度知覺既可以直接影響在華留學(xué)生的社會文化適應(yīng),也可以通過保持原有文化的中介作用來影響社會文化適應(yīng);保持原有文化方向在消極態(tài)度知覺與生活滿意度中起完全中介作用。
[Abstract]:International students are an important way of cultural exchange between countries. It is of great significance to study the cross-cultural adaptation of foreign students in China. Cross-culture is a process of communication between foreign students and local mainstream groups, so international students are bound to be influenced by mainstream groups. The attitude of the mainstream group is an important aspect in the influence of the mainstream group on the foreign students. The perception of the attitude of the mainstream group can affect their cross-cultural adaptation results. The orientation of cross-cultural adaptation is another important factor in cross-cultural adaptation research. It refers to the tendency of foreign students to the cultural behavior of the host country's mainstream groups and their peoples, and this tendency will also affect the results of cross-cultural adaptation. From the point of view of overseas students in China, this study selects two important influencing factors, which are the attitude perception of mainstream groups and the orientation of cross-cultural adaptation, and takes the result of cross-cultural adaptation as the index of cross-cultural adaptation. This paper probes into the influence of attitude perception and orientation of cross-cultural adaptation on the results of cross-cultural adaptation of foreign students in China, and on the basis of this, discusses the relationship among them. In this study, 838 foreign students in Shandong, Guangdong and Beijing were investigated by the convenient sampling method. The results showed that: 1. There are significant gender differences in the adoption of Chinese cultural orientation and sociocultural adaptation, which shows that women have lower scores in negative attitude perception than men, and women adopt Chinese culture less than men. The social and cultural adaptation of women is worse than that of men; There were significant differences in the age of negative attitude perception, which mainly showed that the negative attitude perception of the students aged 24 to 28 was significantly higher than that of the students aged 1923, 49 and 50 years old; There was significant difference in the level of HSK (Chinese proficiency Test) by adopting Chinese cultural orientation. The subjects with grade 6 scored higher than those with grade 3 or 4 and those with no grade. 2. The positive attitude perception of the mainstream group of foreign students in China has a significant positive predictive effect on maintaining the original cultural direction, adopting the Chinese cultural direction, life satisfaction and sociocultural adaptation. Negative attitude perception has a significant negative predictive effect on the maintenance of the original cultural orientation, social and cultural adaptation and life satisfaction. Maintaining the original cultural orientation and adopting the Chinese cultural orientation are significant positive predictors of life satisfaction and sociocultural adaptation. 3. Cross-cultural orientation is the intermediate variable between the attitude perception of mainstream groups and the result of cross-cultural adaptation. Specifically, positive attitude perception can directly affect the life satisfaction and social and cultural adaptation of foreign students in China. It can also influence life satisfaction and social and cultural adaptation by maintaining the original culture and adopting the multi-mediating role of Chinese culture. The perception of negative attitude can not only directly affect the social and cultural adaptation of foreign students in China, but also influence the social and cultural adaptation by maintaining the intermediary role of the original culture. Maintaining the original cultural orientation plays a full intermediary role in negative attitude perception and life satisfaction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G648.9

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