發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-21 20:57

【摘要】：本科生科研源自德國(guó)洪堡的"教學(xué)與科研相結(jié)合"的理念,在美國(guó)研究型大學(xué)的推動(dòng)中步入正軌,并逐漸出傳播開(kāi)來(lái),美國(guó)研究型大學(xué)的本科生科研活動(dòng)也引起了全球眾多國(guó)家的學(xué)習(xí)與借鑒。1998年清華大學(xué)引入麻省理工大學(xué)的"本科生科研訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃",標(biāo)志著本科生科研在我國(guó)的發(fā)展正式拉開(kāi)帷幕。截至今日,全國(guó)幾乎所有高校都開(kāi)設(shè)了本科生科研項(xiàng)目,尤以高水平大學(xué)為盛。那么在新的時(shí)代背景下,尤其是在當(dāng)下"雙創(chuàng)"工作的號(hào)召之下,本科生科研現(xiàn)狀與實(shí)施效果如何?它又是如何作用于人才培養(yǎng)過(guò)程與目標(biāo)的?這些問(wèn)題都是本研究關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。針對(duì)這些基本問(wèn)題,本研究首先通過(guò)對(duì)本科生科研發(fā)展歷史的梳理,探索了其發(fā)展的基本邏輯,分析了其產(chǎn)生原因、基本特征與作用,詳細(xì)闡述本科生科研對(duì)人才培養(yǎng)的直接與間接作用,包括它對(duì)本科生的專業(yè)知識(shí)、科研能力、合作與溝通能力、創(chuàng)新思維、興趣的與潛能等方面的促進(jìn)作用。基于文獻(xiàn)分析,筆者設(shè)計(jì)了相關(guān)問(wèn)卷,對(duì)上海市四所"985工程"大學(xué)進(jìn)行了本科生科研活動(dòng)現(xiàn)狀與效果的調(diào)研,得出的基本結(jié)論包括:本科生科研有效地促進(jìn)了學(xué)生創(chuàng)新素質(zhì)的發(fā)展;本科生科研為學(xué)生帶來(lái)的科研實(shí)踐技能的提升高于專業(yè)知識(shí)上的收獲;本科生科研能夠有效地彌補(bǔ)課堂教學(xué)的不足;本科生科研能夠促進(jìn)本科生科研興趣與潛能開(kāi)發(fā),對(duì)其升學(xué)或創(chuàng)業(yè)有所幫助。當(dāng)然也存在著一些不足之處,主要問(wèn)題包括本科生學(xué)術(shù)基礎(chǔ)不夠扎實(shí),科研與課程學(xué)習(xí)相沖突,參與科研的外部動(dòng)機(jī)不足,獨(dú)立科研與個(gè)人創(chuàng)作活力不足等。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,筆者也并從制度等方面給出了相應(yīng)的建議。首先要樹立科學(xué)的人才培養(yǎng)觀念,將本科生科研納入人才培養(yǎng)體系。其次是建立合理的高�？蒲畜w制,為本科生科研提供制度保障。再次是要拓展多元的科研籌資渠道,為本科生科研提供充足資金。最后則是要加大學(xué)校的硬件建設(shè),營(yíng)造良好的科研氛圍。
[Abstract]:Undergraduate research originated from Humboldt's idea of "combination of teaching and scientific research". It was put on the right track in the promotion of research universities in the United States, and gradually spread out. The undergraduate research activities of American research universities have also aroused the learning and reference of many countries all over the world. In 1998, Tsinghua University introduced the "undergraduate Research and training Program" of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It marks the development of undergraduate research in China. Up to now, almost all colleges and universities in the country have set up undergraduate research programs, especially high-level universities. So in the new era background, especially under the current "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" work call, undergraduate research status and implementation results? How does it affect the process and goal of talent training? These problems are the focus of this study. In view of these basic problems, this study firstly combs the history of undergraduate scientific research development, explores the basic logic of its development, analyzes its causes, basic characteristics and functions. This paper expounds the direct and indirect effects of undergraduate scientific research on the cultivation of talents, including its promoting effect on undergraduates' professional knowledge, scientific research ability, cooperation and communication ability, innovative thinking, interest and potential, and so on. Based on the literature analysis, the author designed a questionnaire to investigate the current situation and effect of undergraduate scientific research activities in four "Project 985" universities in Shanghai. The basic conclusions are as follows: undergraduate scientific research has effectively promoted the development of students' innovative quality; Undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching, and the improvement of scientific research practical skills for students is higher than that of professional knowledge, and undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching. Undergraduate research can promote the development of undergraduate research interest and potential, and help them to study or start a business. Of course, there are some shortcomings, such as the lack of solid academic foundation of undergraduates, the conflict between scientific research and curriculum learning, the lack of external motivation to participate in scientific research, the lack of independent scientific research and personal creativity, and so on. In view of these problems, the author also gives the corresponding suggestions from the system and so on. First of all, we should set up a scientific concept of talent training and bring undergraduate scientific research into the talent training system. The second is to establish a reasonable scientific research system to provide institutional protection for undergraduate scientific research. Third, it is necessary to expand the multiple funding channels for undergraduate research to provide adequate funding. Finally, it is necessary to increase the school's hardware construction, to create a good atmosphere for scientific research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G642

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