高水平大學本科生科研開展現(xiàn)狀與效果研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-21 20:57
【摘要】：本科生科研源自德國洪堡的"教學與科研相結(jié)合"的理念,在美國研究型大學的推動中步入正軌,并逐漸出傳播開來,美國研究型大學的本科生科研活動也引起了全球眾多國家的學習與借鑒。1998年清華大學引入麻省理工大學的"本科生科研訓練計劃",標志著本科生科研在我國的發(fā)展正式拉開帷幕。截至今日,全國幾乎所有高校都開設了本科生科研項目,尤以高水平大學為盛。那么在新的時代背景下,尤其是在當下"雙創(chuàng)"工作的號召之下,本科生科研現(xiàn)狀與實施效果如何?它又是如何作用于人才培養(yǎng)過程與目標的?這些問題都是本研究關注的重點。針對這些基本問題,本研究首先通過對本科生科研發(fā)展歷史的梳理,探索了其發(fā)展的基本邏輯,分析了其產(chǎn)生原因、基本特征與作用,詳細闡述本科生科研對人才培養(yǎng)的直接與間接作用,包括它對本科生的專業(yè)知識、科研能力、合作與溝通能力、創(chuàng)新思維、興趣的與潛能等方面的促進作用。基于文獻分析,筆者設計了相關問卷,對上海市四所"985工程"大學進行了本科生科研活動現(xiàn)狀與效果的調(diào)研,得出的基本結(jié)論包括:本科生科研有效地促進了學生創(chuàng)新素質(zhì)的發(fā)展;本科生科研為學生帶來的科研實踐技能的提升高于專業(yè)知識上的收獲;本科生科研能夠有效地彌補課堂教學的不足;本科生科研能夠促進本科生科研興趣與潛能開發(fā),對其升學或創(chuàng)業(yè)有所幫助。當然也存在著一些不足之處,主要問題包括本科生學術基礎不夠扎實,科研與課程學習相沖突,參與科研的外部動機不足,獨立科研與個人創(chuàng)作活力不足等。針對這些問題,筆者也并從制度等方面給出了相應的建議。首先要樹立科學的人才培養(yǎng)觀念,將本科生科研納入人才培養(yǎng)體系。其次是建立合理的高�？蒲畜w制,為本科生科研提供制度保障。再次是要拓展多元的科研籌資渠道,為本科生科研提供充足資金。最后則是要加大學校的硬件建設,營造良好的科研氛圍。
[Abstract]:Undergraduate research originated from Humboldt's idea of "combination of teaching and scientific research". It was put on the right track in the promotion of research universities in the United States, and gradually spread out. The undergraduate research activities of American research universities have also aroused the learning and reference of many countries all over the world. In 1998, Tsinghua University introduced the "undergraduate Research and training Program" of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It marks the development of undergraduate research in China. Up to now, almost all colleges and universities in the country have set up undergraduate research programs, especially high-level universities. So in the new era background, especially under the current "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" work call, undergraduate research status and implementation results? How does it affect the process and goal of talent training? These problems are the focus of this study. In view of these basic problems, this study firstly combs the history of undergraduate scientific research development, explores the basic logic of its development, analyzes its causes, basic characteristics and functions. This paper expounds the direct and indirect effects of undergraduate scientific research on the cultivation of talents, including its promoting effect on undergraduates' professional knowledge, scientific research ability, cooperation and communication ability, innovative thinking, interest and potential, and so on. Based on the literature analysis, the author designed a questionnaire to investigate the current situation and effect of undergraduate scientific research activities in four "Project 985" universities in Shanghai. The basic conclusions are as follows: undergraduate scientific research has effectively promoted the development of students' innovative quality; Undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching, and the improvement of scientific research practical skills for students is higher than that of professional knowledge, and undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching. Undergraduate research can promote the development of undergraduate research interest and potential, and help them to study or start a business. Of course, there are some shortcomings, such as the lack of solid academic foundation of undergraduates, the conflict between scientific research and curriculum learning, the lack of external motivation to participate in scientific research, the lack of independent scientific research and personal creativity, and so on. In view of these problems, the author also gives the corresponding suggestions from the system and so on. First of all, we should set up a scientific concept of talent training and bring undergraduate scientific research into the talent training system. The second is to establish a reasonable scientific research system to provide institutional protection for undergraduate scientific research. Third, it is necessary to expand the multiple funding channels for undergraduate research to provide adequate funding. Finally, it is necessary to increase the school's hardware construction, to create a good atmosphere for scientific research.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G642
本文編號：2348240
[Abstract]:Undergraduate research originated from Humboldt's idea of "combination of teaching and scientific research". It was put on the right track in the promotion of research universities in the United States, and gradually spread out. The undergraduate research activities of American research universities have also aroused the learning and reference of many countries all over the world. In 1998, Tsinghua University introduced the "undergraduate Research and training Program" of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It marks the development of undergraduate research in China. Up to now, almost all colleges and universities in the country have set up undergraduate research programs, especially high-level universities. So in the new era background, especially under the current "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" work call, undergraduate research status and implementation results? How does it affect the process and goal of talent training? These problems are the focus of this study. In view of these basic problems, this study firstly combs the history of undergraduate scientific research development, explores the basic logic of its development, analyzes its causes, basic characteristics and functions. This paper expounds the direct and indirect effects of undergraduate scientific research on the cultivation of talents, including its promoting effect on undergraduates' professional knowledge, scientific research ability, cooperation and communication ability, innovative thinking, interest and potential, and so on. Based on the literature analysis, the author designed a questionnaire to investigate the current situation and effect of undergraduate scientific research activities in four "Project 985" universities in Shanghai. The basic conclusions are as follows: undergraduate scientific research has effectively promoted the development of students' innovative quality; Undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching, and the improvement of scientific research practical skills for students is higher than that of professional knowledge, and undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching. Undergraduate research can promote the development of undergraduate research interest and potential, and help them to study or start a business. Of course, there are some shortcomings, such as the lack of solid academic foundation of undergraduates, the conflict between scientific research and curriculum learning, the lack of external motivation to participate in scientific research, the lack of independent scientific research and personal creativity, and so on. In view of these problems, the author also gives the corresponding suggestions from the system and so on. First of all, we should set up a scientific concept of talent training and bring undergraduate scientific research into the talent training system. The second is to establish a reasonable scientific research system to provide institutional protection for undergraduate scientific research. Third, it is necessary to expand the multiple funding channels for undergraduate research to provide adequate funding. Finally, it is necessary to increase the school's hardware construction, to create a good atmosphere for scientific research.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G642
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