本文選題：新中國 + 高校��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)50年代初期,新中國對(duì)境內(nèi)高等院校進(jìn)行了一次大規(guī)模的院系調(diào)整。在知識(shí)分子思想改造運(yùn)動(dòng)取得成功的情況下,為了建立新的高等教育體系,新中國于1952年正式開始大規(guī)模的高校院系調(diào)整。這次調(diào)整影響極為深遠(yuǎn),在很短的時(shí)間里,晚清以降形成的中國近現(xiàn)代西式高等教育體系被徹底打破,一批批專業(yè)性極強(qiáng)的工科學(xué)院相繼出現(xiàn),為新中國的建設(shè)提供了有力的人才技術(shù)支持;但同時(shí),哲學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)、邏輯學(xué)等人文學(xué)科或被大量撤銷,或淪為“二等學(xué)科”,招生減少,教師轉(zhuǎn)行,在全社會(huì)形成了“重理輕文”的局面。自此,中國教育界與其歐美母體基本絕緣,和當(dāng)時(shí)其他各領(lǐng)域一樣,已經(jīng)成為全面學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)的一部分。高校院系設(shè)置是高等教育體系的重要組成部分,它決定了高校的人才結(jié)構(gòu),也在一定程度上影響著社會(huì)文化的發(fā)展方向。近代中國的高等教育,深受歐美的影響,在晚清的陰差陽錯(cuò)中艱難起步,經(jīng)過民國三十多年的慘淡經(jīng)營,已經(jīng)具備了可觀的規(guī)模,完整的體系,成就也是可圈可點(diǎn)。一大批杰出的教育家和外國友好人士功不可沒。但是,當(dāng)舊大學(xué)遇到新中國,其辦學(xué)模式、教育理念、學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)都已不能適應(yīng),有的甚至背道而馳。1952年,在掃清一切阻力后,新中國仿照蘇聯(lián)模式對(duì)高等院校進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的院系調(diào)整。在強(qiáng)大的行政力量下,短短一年的時(shí)間全國四分之三的高校都進(jìn)行了調(diào)整,通過合并、取消和新設(shè),原有高校的數(shù)量、類型、公私性質(zhì)、地域分布等都發(fā)生了巨大變化。同時(shí),國家還加強(qiáng)了對(duì)高等院校的集中計(jì)劃管理,高等教育逐步納入了新體制,與計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)相適應(yīng)。此次院系調(diào)整影響深遠(yuǎn)。一方面國家實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)高校和知識(shí)分子的全方位領(lǐng)導(dǎo),為國家建設(shè)培養(yǎng)了大批專業(yè)人才,有力推動(dòng)了新中國的社會(huì)主義建設(shè);另一方面人文學(xué)科教學(xué)受到了很大的削弱,很長時(shí)間沒有得到應(yīng)有的重視,影響了高等教育的健康發(fā)展。本文將從高校院系調(diào)整的背景及過程入手,探索這一事件的原因及其對(duì)高等教育發(fā)展的影響。
[Abstract]:In the early 1950s, New China carried out a large-scale adjustment of colleges and departments. In order to establish a new system of higher education, in 1952, in order to establish a new system of higher education, the large-scale adjustment of colleges and departments of colleges and universities began in China with the success of the ideological reform movement of intellectuals. In a very short period of time, China's modern Western-style higher education system, which was formed in the late Qing Dynasty, was completely broken, and a number of highly specialized engineering colleges emerged one after another. At the same time, the humanities, such as philosophy, sociology, political science, logic and so on, were abolished in large numbers or reduced to "second-class subjects", resulting in fewer students and teachers changing careers. In the whole society, the situation of "attaching importance to reason and neglecting text" has been formed. Since then, the Chinese education sector has become a part of the overall study of the Soviet Union, as was the case in other fields, with the basic insulation of its mother body in Europe and the United States. The establishment of colleges and departments is an important part of the higher education system, which determines the talent structure of colleges and universities, and also influences the development direction of social culture to a certain extent. Modern Chinese higher education, deeply influenced by Europe and the United States, started hard in the late Qing Dynasty. After more than 30 years of miserable operation, it already has a considerable scale, a complete system, and its achievements are also worthy of recognition. A large number of outstanding educationalists and foreign friendly people can not be ignored. However, when the old university encountered the new China, its mode of running schools, educational ideas, academic views have been unable to adapt, some even ran counter. In 1952, after clearing all the obstacles, New China imitated the Soviet model to carry on the large-scale college and department adjustment to the university. Under the powerful administrative force, 3/4 colleges and universities in the whole country have been adjusted in a short period of one year. By merging, canceling and setting up new institutions, the number, type, public and private nature, geographical distribution of the original colleges and universities have all undergone tremendous changes. At the same time, the state has also strengthened the centralized planning management of colleges and universities, and the higher education has gradually been brought into the new system, adapted to the planned economy. The adjustment of the college and department far-reaching impact. On the one hand, the state has achieved all-round leadership over universities and intellectuals, trained a large number of professionals for the construction of the country, and has been able to promote the socialist construction of the people's Republic of China; on the other hand, the teaching of humanities has been greatly weakened. The lack of due attention for a long time has affected the healthy development of higher education. Starting with the background and process of the adjustment of colleges and departments, this paper explores the causes of this event and its influence on the development of higher education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G649.29

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前7條

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本文編號(hào)：2000898