本文選題：法國(guó) + 大學(xué)校　； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：法國(guó)作為歐洲高等教育近代化的先驅(qū),具有悠久的高等教育歷史,并且有一個(gè)不同于歐洲各國(guó)乃至全世界的獨(dú)到之處,即具備大學(xué)校和大學(xué)兩個(gè)并行的高等教育軌制。法國(guó)發(fā)展高等教育近代化的重要途徑之一,就是通過(guò)創(chuàng)立大量的新型高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)——區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)的,按照國(guó)家意圖為適應(yīng)工業(yè)發(fā)展需要而建立的專(zhuān)科學(xué)校,即大學(xué)校的前身,最終加速完成了高等教育近代化進(jìn)程。從波旁王朝后期到拿破侖執(zhí)政時(shí)期,是法國(guó)大學(xué)校的早期發(fā)展階段。法國(guó)大革命爆發(fā)之前,由于國(guó)家重商主義政策的推動(dòng),工程人才的需求擴(kuò)大,中世紀(jì)大學(xué)的保守不再適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要,以培養(yǎng)應(yīng)用型人才為目標(biāo)的專(zhuān)科學(xué)校應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,即為大學(xué)校的起源。法國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)政權(quán)的建立是法國(guó)高等教育近代化得以展開(kāi)的重要前提,從1789年法國(guó)大革命開(kāi)始,法國(guó)的高等教育重心逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移,政府的宏觀干預(yù)和調(diào)控對(duì)高等教育發(fā)展具有舉足輕重的影響,專(zhuān)科學(xué)校作為新型高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)完全擺脫了傳統(tǒng)的辦學(xué)思想和課程模式。到拿破侖時(shí)期,政府通過(guò)立法等一系列教育政策和行政手段關(guān)閉不合乎時(shí)代潮流的中世紀(jì)傳統(tǒng)大學(xué),恢復(fù)、改造并創(chuàng)建了一批專(zhuān)科學(xué)校,促使應(yīng)用型專(zhuān)科學(xué)校進(jìn)入了興盛時(shí)期,從此近代自然科學(xué)課程不折不扣地進(jìn)入法國(guó)高等教育的教學(xué)活動(dòng)之中,引起了辦學(xué)思想、培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)、課程及專(zhuān)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的根本性變化,形成了獨(dú)具一格的精英辦學(xué)特色和實(shí)用教育風(fēng)格,促使法國(guó)高等教育的發(fā)展進(jìn)入了一個(gè)嶄新的時(shí)代。顯而易見(jiàn),這些專(zhuān)科學(xué)校的成立,促使了法國(guó)“雙軌制”高等教育制度的形成和發(fā)展,培養(yǎng)了大批能夠獨(dú)擋一面的精英人才,為促進(jìn)法國(guó)高等教育多樣化發(fā)展埋下了伏筆,同時(shí)也對(duì)世界其他國(guó)家的工科教育產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
[Abstract]:As a pioneer of higher education modernization in Europe, France has a long history of higher education and has a unique feature different from European countries and even the whole world, that is, it has two parallel systems of higher education: universities and universities. One of the important ways to develop the modernization of higher education in France is through the creation of a large number of new types of higher education institutions, different from traditional universities, which have been established in accordance with the national intention to meet the needs of industrial development. That is, the predecessor of the university, finally accelerated the process of modernization of higher education. From the later period of Bourbon Dynasty to the period of Napoleon's reign, it was the early stage of the development of French universities. Before the French Revolution broke out, due to the promotion of the national mercantilism policy and the expansion of the demand for engineering talents, the conservatism of medieval universities no longer adapted to the needs of economic and social development. That is, the origin of big schools. The establishment of the French bourgeois regime was an important prerequisite for the modernization of French higher education. From the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789, the focus of higher education in France gradually shifted. The government's macroscopical intervention and regulation have an important influence on the development of higher education. As a new type of higher education institution, the college completely gets rid of the traditional thought and curriculum mode of running a school. By Napoleon's time, the government closed down the medieval traditional universities, which were out of line with the trend of the times, through a series of educational policies and administrative means, and restored, reformed and established a number of specialized colleges, which prompted the applied colleges to enter into a prosperous period. Since then, the modern natural science curriculum has entered the teaching activities of higher education in France, which has caused a fundamental change in the thought of running a school, the training goal, the curriculum and the professional structure. Formed a unique elite school characteristics and practical education style, to promote the development of higher education in France into a new era. Obviously, the establishment of these colleges and universities promoted the formation and development of France's "two-track" higher education system, cultivated a large number of elite talents who could stand alone, and laid the groundwork for the diversified development of higher education in France. At the same time, it also has a profound impact on the engineering education in other countries of the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G649.565

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