本文選題：美國(guó)公立高校 + 高校錄取政策��； 參考：《教育研究》2017年09期

【摘要】：美國(guó)聯(lián)邦最高法院在最新判決中繼續(xù)維持積極差別待遇錄取政策的合法地位,引出少數(shù)族裔優(yōu)勢(shì)群體學(xué)生從中不當(dāng)受益的"奶油層"爭(zhēng)議。僅有少數(shù)族裔之名,但無(wú)弱勢(shì)狀況之實(shí),是"奶油層"的主要特征。聯(lián)邦對(duì)少數(shù)族裔的正式分類不能充分體現(xiàn)成員內(nèi)部差異,高校在追求多元化學(xué)生群體目標(biāo)時(shí)過(guò)度關(guān)注少數(shù)族裔身份,政策效應(yīng)累加使少數(shù)族裔優(yōu)勢(shì)群體學(xué)生更具入學(xué)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),是"奶油層"產(chǎn)生的主要原因。其造成政策積極效果難以全面惠及少數(shù)族裔弱勢(shì)群體,不能充分實(shí)現(xiàn)源自多元化學(xué)生群體的教育利益,增加高校應(yīng)對(duì)司法訴訟履行舉證責(zé)任的難度等負(fù)面影響。面對(duì)司法審查壓力,公立高校改進(jìn)積極差別待遇錄取政策時(shí)勢(shì)必突出政策細(xì)化和定向準(zhǔn)確,在分類選擇的基礎(chǔ)上細(xì)化受益標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在全面評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上復(fù)核受益資格,在常態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上定期進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
[Abstract]:In its latest ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court continued to maintain the legal status of a positive differential admission policy, leading to a "cream layer" dispute over the improper benefit of students from ethnic minority advantage groups.Only minority names, but no weak situation, is the main feature of the cream layer.The formal classification of ethnic minorities in the Federation can not fully reflect the differences among members. Colleges and universities pay too much attention to minority identity when pursuing the goal of pluralistic student groups, and the policy effect adds up to make students with minority advantage groups more competitive in admission.Is the main cause of "cream layer".As a result, the positive effect of the policy is difficult to fully benefit the minority minority vulnerable groups, can not fully realize the educational interests derived from the pluralistic student groups, and increase the difficulty for colleges and universities to fulfill the burden of proof in judicial proceedings, and so on.In the face of the pressure of judicial review, the improvement of the admission policy of positive differential treatment in public colleges and universities is bound to highlight the refinement and orientation of the policy, refine the benefit criteria on the basis of classification and selection, and review the beneficial qualifications on the basis of comprehensive evaluation.Adjust regularly on the basis of normal monitoring.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)教育學(xué)院黨總支;中國(guó)人民大學(xué)教育學(xué)院;北京教育科學(xué)研究院高等教育科學(xué)研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：G649.712

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