【摘要】：近年來,輕度自閉癥兒童會(huì)話能力的發(fā)展日益受到重視,母親作為輕度自閉癥兒童的親密互動(dòng)對(duì)象對(duì)其會(huì)話能力的發(fā)展具有重要意義,而目前針對(duì)輕度自閉癥兒童母子會(huì)話能力的研究相對(duì)較少。同時(shí),兒童的會(huì)話能力與其詞匯水平顯著相關(guān),對(duì)詞匯水平相匹配的普通兒童與輕度自閉癥兒童的會(huì)話能力進(jìn)行比較,能夠更加清晰得反映出在沒有詞匯水平障礙的情況下輕度自閉癥兒童的會(huì)話特征。因此,本研究在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用量化研究方法,結(jié)合對(duì)語料的質(zhì)性分析,對(duì)詞匯水平相匹配的輕度自閉癥兒童與普通兒童的母子會(huì)話能力進(jìn)行比較與分析。本研究從N市和J市的兩所特殊兒童康復(fù)機(jī)構(gòu)選取了 21名輕度自閉癥兒童,同時(shí)在N市某幼兒園選取了 21名與其性別、詞匯水平相匹配的普通兒童,共42名兒童作為研究對(duì)象。收集42對(duì)兒童的母子會(huì)話語料,對(duì)會(huì)話語料進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄與編碼,并從話輪轉(zhuǎn)換、會(huì)話發(fā)起、會(huì)話維持與會(huì)話修補(bǔ)四個(gè)方面對(duì)兩組兒童在母子會(huì)話情境中的會(huì)話能力進(jìn)行比較分析,研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)輕度自閉癥兒童在母子會(huì)話中的整體會(huì)話結(jié)構(gòu)與普通兒童一致,但其整體會(huì)話能力的發(fā)展程度較低,且在會(huì)話維持方面的差距最為顯著。(2)輕度自閉癥兒童在母子會(huì)話中的話輪轉(zhuǎn)換頻率不低,但對(duì)話輪轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則的掌握較弱。(3)輕度自閉癥兒童在母子會(huì)話中的會(huì)話發(fā)起頻率不低,但存在較多會(huì)話發(fā)起失敗的現(xiàn)象。(4)輕度自閉癥兒童母子會(huì)話中的會(huì)話維持?jǐn)?shù)量較少,會(huì)話維持較為被動(dòng),且會(huì)話中的信息交互度較低。(5)輕度自閉癥兒童在母子會(huì)話中的會(huì)話修補(bǔ)能力不穩(wěn)定,會(huì)話修補(bǔ)類型較為簡單且存在較多不適當(dāng)修補(bǔ)。根據(jù)上述研究結(jié)論,研究者提出以下建議:(1)通過培養(yǎng)輕度自閉癥兒童的“輪流”意識(shí);給予輕度自閉癥兒童明顯的話輪結(jié)束提示;增強(qiáng)輕度自閉癥兒童信息反饋能力,來加強(qiáng)輕度自閉癥兒童話輪轉(zhuǎn)換的規(guī)則意識(shí)。(2)通過充分利用中介物,引發(fā)輕度自閉癥兒童的發(fā)起欲望;創(chuàng)設(shè)挑戰(zhàn)情境,觸發(fā)輕度自閉癥兒童的發(fā)起需求,來提高輕度自閉癥兒童的會(huì)話發(fā)起質(zhì)量。(3)通過捕捉興趣點(diǎn),把握會(huì)話時(shí)機(jī);加強(qiáng)句式訓(xùn)練,提高其信息獲取能力;適度回應(yīng),提高其信息輸出能力,來全面發(fā)展輕度自閉癥兒童的信息交互能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the development of conversational ability of children with mild autism, and mothers as intimate and interactive objects of children with mild autism play an important role in the development of their conversational abilities. However, there are relatively few studies on the ability of mother and child conversation in children with mild autism. At the same time, the conversational ability of children was significantly correlated with their lexical level, and the conversational ability of ordinary children with matched lexical level was compared with that of children with mild autism. It can more clearly reflect the conversational characteristics of children with mild autism without lexical impairment. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, this study makes a comparison and analysis of the mother and child conversation abilities of children with mild autism and common children with mild autism, which are matched by lexical level, using the quantitative method and the qualitative analysis of the corpus. In this study, 21 children with mild autism were selected from two special rehabilitation institutions in N city and J city, and 21 normal children matched with their gender and vocabulary level in a kindergarten in N city. A total of 42 children were selected as the research objects. We collected 42 pairs of mother and child conversation data, transcribed and encoded the conversation data, and compared the two groups of children's conversational ability in the mother-child conversation situation from four aspects: turn-off, conversation initiation, conversation maintenance and conversation repair. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the overall conversation structure of mild autistic children in mother-child conversation is the same as that of normal children, but the overall conversational ability of children with mild autism is lower than that of normal children. The difference in conversation maintenance was most significant. (2) the frequency of turn-switching was not low in children with mild autism in mother-child conversation. However, the rules of conversational rotation are weak. (3) the frequency of initiation of conversation among children with mild autism in mother-child conversation is not low. However, there is more failure in the initiation of conversation. (4) the number of conversation maintenance in children with mild autism is relatively small, and the conversation maintenance is more passive. And the degree of information interaction in conversation is low. (5) the ability of conversation repair is unstable in children with mild autism, and the type of session repair is relatively simple and there are many inappropriate patching. Based on the findings of the study, the following suggestions were made: (1) to develop the consciousness of "rotation" in children with mild autism; To enhance the ability of information feedback of children with mild autism to strengthen the awareness of the rules of language rotation of children with mild autism. (2) by making full use of intermediates, the initiation desire of children with mild autism can be induced; Create challenge situations, trigger the initiation needs of children with mild autism, to improve the quality of conversation initiation of children with mild autism. (3) by capturing points of interest, grasp the opportunity of conversation, strengthen sentence training, improve their ability to obtain information; In order to develop the interaction ability of children with mild autism, we can improve their ability of information output.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G76

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本文編號(hào)：2388932