【摘要】：黨的十八大提出中國(guó)要走新型城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展道路,新型城鎮(zhèn)化要與農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展。隨著新型城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加速,我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力銳減嚴(yán)重,現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的需求。農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全是確保新型城鎮(zhèn)化的基礎(chǔ),為確保我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全,推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化與新型城鎮(zhèn)化協(xié)同發(fā)展,2012年中央一號(hào)文件給出了破題對(duì)策——大力培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民,新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育是推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)工程,是新型城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中的歷史必然選擇。本文運(yùn)用勞動(dòng)力遷移理論,毛澤東、鄧小平的農(nóng)民教育理論,人力資本理論以及人的現(xiàn)代化理論,從理論上界定了新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民的相關(guān)概念,通過(guò)實(shí)證分析武漢市江夏區(qū)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育的做法,如明確培育政策導(dǎo)向,明晰培育對(duì)象遴選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),科學(xué)規(guī)劃培育內(nèi)容,靈活變通培育方式,認(rèn)真落實(shí)培育考核管理等,得出我國(guó)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育在取得一定成效的同時(shí),在培育過(guò)程中依然存在著一些問(wèn)題,如依然存在著務(wù)農(nóng)人員綜合素質(zhì)不高,新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育中存在培育規(guī)模較小,效果不佳、培育組織主體單一、培育內(nèi)容不全面、培育方式滯后、培育供給不足、培育監(jiān)督管理不到位、培育扶持政策缺乏等。分析了美國(guó)、日本、德國(guó)以及印度四國(guó)職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育的實(shí)踐及經(jīng)驗(yàn),總結(jié)其成功之處,以期為構(gòu)建我國(guó)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育體系提供啟示。立足于國(guó)內(nèi)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民實(shí)踐研究和國(guó)外職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了堅(jiān)持因地制宜、統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展、農(nóng)民自愿、全面培育的原則下,根據(jù)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育目標(biāo),完善新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民教學(xué)體系和管理體系,政府要加強(qiáng)與社會(huì)多方主體力量協(xié)作,農(nóng)民要具有主體意識(shí)和現(xiàn)代化觀(guān)念,積極推動(dòng)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民工作開(kāi)展。總體上來(lái)講,要從培育目標(biāo)、培育內(nèi)容、培育方式等方面出發(fā),優(yōu)化完善新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育體系,與此同時(shí),強(qiáng)化政府的頂層設(shè)計(jì),健全新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育保障制度,通過(guò)拓寬培育經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源,引導(dǎo)社會(huì)多元主體參與、完善法律保障體系,健全土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度,構(gòu)建城鄉(xiāng)一體化社會(huì)保障制度,貫徹落實(shí)培育扶持政策等方面優(yōu)化新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育環(huán)境,形成“培”與“育”相結(jié)合的新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育有效機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that China should take the new way of urbanization, and the new type of urbanization should develop synchronously with the modernization of agriculture. With the acceleration of the new urbanization process, the agricultural labor force in China has been reduced sharply, and the existing agricultural labor force can not meet the needs of the development of agricultural modernization. The safety of agricultural industry is the basis of ensuring the new type of urbanization. In order to ensure the safety of agricultural industry in our country and to promote the coordinated development of agricultural modernization and new urbanization, the first document of the Central Committee in 2012 gave the countermeasures to solve the problem-to cultivate the new type of professional farmers vigorously. The cultivation of new professional farmers is the basic project to promote agricultural modernization and the historical inevitable choice in the process of new urbanization. This paper uses labor migration theory, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping's theory of farmer education, human capital theory and human modernization theory to define the related concepts of the new type of professional peasants theoretically. Through the empirical analysis of the cultivation of new type of professional farmers in Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, such as clear cultivation policy orientation, clear selection criteria of cultivation objects, scientific planning of cultivation content, flexible and flexible cultivation methods, and conscientiously implement cultivation examination and management, etc. At the same time, there are still some problems in the cultivation process, such as the low comprehensive quality of agricultural personnel, the small scale of cultivation in the cultivation of new-type professional peasants. The effect is not good, the main body of cultivation organization is single, the content of cultivation is not comprehensive, the way of cultivation lags behind, the supply of cultivation is insufficient, the supervision and management of cultivation is not in place, and the policy of fostering support is lacking. This paper analyzes the practice and experience of professional farmer cultivation in America, Japan, Germany and India, and summarizes its success in order to provide enlightenment for the construction of a new type of professional farmer cultivation system in China. Based on the practical research of the new type of professional farmers in China and the experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward the principle of adhering to local conditions, overall development, voluntary and all-round cultivation of farmers, according to the cultivation objectives of new type of professional peasants. To perfect the teaching system and management system of the new type of professional peasants, the government should strengthen the cooperation with the various forces of society, the peasants should have the consciousness of subject and the concept of modernization, and actively promote the work of the new type of professional peasants. Generally speaking, it is necessary to optimize and improve the new type of professional farmers' cultivation system from the aspects of cultivation objectives, contents and ways of cultivation. At the same time, we should strengthen the top-level design of the government and improve the new type of professional farmers' cultivation and security system. By broadening the sources of funds for cultivation, guiding the participation of multiple social subjects, perfecting the legal security system, perfecting the land circulation system, and constructing the social security system of urban and rural integration, In the aspects of carrying out the policy of cultivating and supporting, optimizing the cultivation environment of the new type of professional peasants, forming the effective mechanism of cultivating the new type of professional peasants by combining "training" and "cultivating".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G725

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