政府信息公開監(jiān)督保障制度創(chuàng)新研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-18 09:16
【摘要】：政府信息公開對于推進政府透明行政,促進社會進步有重要意義。政府信息公開有學者稱之為行政公開,也有學者稱為政務公開。根據(jù)我國《政府信息公開條例》第二條,本條例所稱政府信息,是指行政機關在履行職責過程中制作或者獲取的,以一定形式記錄、保存的信息。條例明確規(guī)定了我國政府信息公開的概念。我國國家領導人很早就提出要公開政府信息,在1988年黨的十五大報告明確提出,國家機關實行"公開原則"。"直接涉及群眾切身利益的部門要實行公開辦事制度"。1989年的政府工作報告提出要積極推進政府辦事制度公開,辦事結果要公開,增加政府辦事的透明度。中央政府的重視對于推進我國政府信息公開立法有重要意義。自從2008年《政府信息公開條例》頒行以來,我國政府信息公開工作取得重大進展,但在實施過程中面臨的困難和問題不小。探討如何將權力關進籠子里,監(jiān)督保障政府信息公開顯得尤為必要,政府信息公開的監(jiān)督保障制度對于建立陽光政府、透明政府具有重要意義,建立監(jiān)督保障制度目的在于督促政府依法行政。面對強大的國家機器,沒有體制機制的規(guī)制,國家機構往往恣意妄為,侵害公民權利的行為時常發(fā)生。憲法保障公民的知情權,公民有權獲取政府適當?shù)男畔①Y源。現(xiàn)實中,政府會以各種理由拒絕公開信息,以維護自身利益。信息公開監(jiān)督保障制度的存在就是為了制衡這種不平等的權力關系。公民是相對弱勢的一方,其知情權需要保障,就需要建立完善的監(jiān)督保障制度,規(guī)制和限制政府的行政行為,促使政府在法律框架內行使權力,保證政府信息公開的公正透明,保障公民獲取信息自由的權利。目前我國政府信息公開的監(jiān)督保障制度還不完善,在諸多領域制度缺失的現(xiàn)象比較嚴重。本文通過梳理國內政府信息公開存在的主要問題,總結監(jiān)督保障制度缺失的具體原因,并借鑒美國政府信息公開監(jiān)督保障制度的成熟經(jīng)驗,提出一些建設性的意見:完善我國政府信息公開監(jiān)督保障制度,需要建立專門的監(jiān)察機構,加強對信息公開的監(jiān)督;建立科學的政府信息評估制度;建立完善的責任追究制度;加強信息公開年度報告制度的監(jiān)督作用,促進信息公開;強化政府信息公開的網(wǎng)絡監(jiān)管,加強網(wǎng)絡的規(guī)范化建設;加強收費制度的完善,降低公眾獲取信息的成本,保障信息公開的充分自由。本文采用比較分析的方法研究政府信息公開的監(jiān)督保障制度。全文的整體思路是發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題、提出建議。用比較的方法澄清了政府信息公開的基本理論問題,并且比較借鑒了美國政府信息公開主要經(jīng)驗。全文分為以下三個部分:第一部分概述了政府信息公開監(jiān)督保障制度。首先澄清政府信息公開的基本理論問題,介紹了政府信息公開的理論基礎、主要內容和主要方式。進一步概述政府信息公開監(jiān)督保障的含義、主體、主要制度及其作用。第二部分分析我國政府信息公開現(xiàn)狀、問題及原因�？疾煺畔⒐_現(xiàn)狀從立法和實踐兩方面展開,從而發(fā)現(xiàn)收費不規(guī)范、監(jiān)督機制缺失等問題。并進而分析存在問題的具體原因。第三部分提出了對完善我國政府信息公開監(jiān)督保障制度的建設性意見。在提出建議過程中,融入介紹了美國政府信息公開的主要制度,通過介紹美國成熟的收費制度、專門管理機構、年度報告制度、政府信息評估和責任追究制度。借鑒其兒十年成功的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗對于我國推進政府信息公開有十分重要的意義。文章從四個方面提出建議。首先,轉變政府觀念,主動提高信息公開意識;其次,建立和完善政府信息公開內部監(jiān)督保障制度;再次,健全和完善政府信息公開的外部監(jiān)督保障;最后,加快政府信息網(wǎng)絡管理系統(tǒng)的建設。
[Abstract]:Government information disclosure is of great significance to the promotion of transparent government administration and the promotion of social progress. Some scholars call it administrative openness, while others call it administrative openness. The regulations clearly stipulate the concept of government information disclosure. Our country's leaders put forward to make government information public very early. In the report of the 15th National Congress of the CPC in 1988, they made it clear that state organs should implement the principle of openness. The report on the work of the government in 1989 proposes to actively promote the publicity of the government's work system, the publicity of the results and the transparency of the government's work. Great progress has been made, but there are many difficulties and problems in the process of implementation. It is particularly necessary to explore how to keep power in a cage and supervise and guarantee the government information disclosure. The supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure is of great significance to the establishment of a sunny government and a transparent government. The purpose of establishing the supervision and guarantee system is to urge the government to obey the law. The constitution guarantees citizens'right to know, and citizens have the right to access appropriate government information resources. In reality, the government will refuse to disclose information for various reasons to safeguard its own interests. The existence of the supervision and security system is to check and balance this unequal power relationship.Citizens are relatively vulnerable and their right to know needs to be guaranteed.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a perfect supervision and security system to regulate and restrict the government's administrative acts, to urge the government to exercise its power within the legal framework, to ensure the fairness and transparency of the government's information disclosure and to ensure that the government's information is guaranteed At present, the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country is not perfect, and the lack of system in many fields is more serious. This paper combs the main problems of domestic government information disclosure, summarizes the specific reasons for the lack of supervision and guarantee system, and draws lessons from the United States government information disclosure supervision. Some constructive opinions are put forward based on the mature experience of the safeguard system: to perfect the government information disclosure supervision and safeguard system, it is necessary to establish a special supervisory organization to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure; to establish a scientific government information evaluation system; to establish a perfect accountability system; to strengthen the supervision role of the annual report system of information disclosure. Promote the disclosure of information; Strengthen the network supervision of government information disclosure; Strengthen the standardization of network construction; Strengthen the improvement of the charging system, reduce the cost of public access to information, and ensure the full freedom of information disclosure. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part summarizes the supervision and security system of government information disclosure. First, it clarifies the basic theoretical issues of government information disclosure. This paper introduces the theoretical basis, main contents and main modes of government information disclosure.It further outlines the meaning, subject, main system and function of government information disclosure supervision and guarantee.The second part analyzes the present situation, problems and reasons of government information disclosure in China. The third part puts forward constructive suggestions on perfecting the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country. In the course of making suggestions, it introduces the main system of government information disclosure in the United States, and introduces the mature charging system in the United States. It is of great significance for China to draw lessons from its ten-year successful development experience to promote the publicity of government information. The article puts forward suggestions from four aspects. First, change the government's concept and actively improve the awareness of information publicity; second, establish and improve government trust. Third, improve and perfect the external supervision and guarantee of government information disclosure; finally, speed up the construction of government information network management system.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D63
[Abstract]:Government information disclosure is of great significance to the promotion of transparent government administration and the promotion of social progress. Some scholars call it administrative openness, while others call it administrative openness. The regulations clearly stipulate the concept of government information disclosure. Our country's leaders put forward to make government information public very early. In the report of the 15th National Congress of the CPC in 1988, they made it clear that state organs should implement the principle of openness. The report on the work of the government in 1989 proposes to actively promote the publicity of the government's work system, the publicity of the results and the transparency of the government's work. Great progress has been made, but there are many difficulties and problems in the process of implementation. It is particularly necessary to explore how to keep power in a cage and supervise and guarantee the government information disclosure. The supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure is of great significance to the establishment of a sunny government and a transparent government. The purpose of establishing the supervision and guarantee system is to urge the government to obey the law. The constitution guarantees citizens'right to know, and citizens have the right to access appropriate government information resources. In reality, the government will refuse to disclose information for various reasons to safeguard its own interests. The existence of the supervision and security system is to check and balance this unequal power relationship.Citizens are relatively vulnerable and their right to know needs to be guaranteed.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a perfect supervision and security system to regulate and restrict the government's administrative acts, to urge the government to exercise its power within the legal framework, to ensure the fairness and transparency of the government's information disclosure and to ensure that the government's information is guaranteed At present, the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country is not perfect, and the lack of system in many fields is more serious. This paper combs the main problems of domestic government information disclosure, summarizes the specific reasons for the lack of supervision and guarantee system, and draws lessons from the United States government information disclosure supervision. Some constructive opinions are put forward based on the mature experience of the safeguard system: to perfect the government information disclosure supervision and safeguard system, it is necessary to establish a special supervisory organization to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure; to establish a scientific government information evaluation system; to establish a perfect accountability system; to strengthen the supervision role of the annual report system of information disclosure. Promote the disclosure of information; Strengthen the network supervision of government information disclosure; Strengthen the standardization of network construction; Strengthen the improvement of the charging system, reduce the cost of public access to information, and ensure the full freedom of information disclosure. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part summarizes the supervision and security system of government information disclosure. First, it clarifies the basic theoretical issues of government information disclosure. This paper introduces the theoretical basis, main contents and main modes of government information disclosure.It further outlines the meaning, subject, main system and function of government information disclosure supervision and guarantee.The second part analyzes the present situation, problems and reasons of government information disclosure in China. The third part puts forward constructive suggestions on perfecting the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country. In the course of making suggestions, it introduces the main system of government information disclosure in the United States, and introduces the mature charging system in the United States. It is of great significance for China to draw lessons from its ten-year successful development experience to promote the publicity of government information. The article puts forward suggestions from four aspects. First, change the government's concept and actively improve the awareness of information publicity; second, establish and improve government trust. Third, improve and perfect the external supervision and guarantee of government information disclosure; finally, speed up the construction of government information network management system.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D63
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