【摘要】：當前,中國進入各類突發(fā)公共事件的頻發(fā)時期,突發(fā)公共事件的危害呈現(xiàn)連鎖反應,對社會造成不可估量的損失和破壞。而維護社會公共安全是政府執(zhí)政的重要職能,能否有效地處置各類突發(fā)公共事件,是衡量政府管理社會水平的一個重要指標。因而,突發(fā)公共事件處置是否及時、有效是衡量各級政府治理地方社會重要指標,盡最大努力消除突發(fā)公共事件帶來的危害、消除不良影響和維護社會穩(wěn)定是政府必須要認真對待的問題。本文基于危機管理、應急管理、責任政府和公共安全管理等理論,按照“發(fā)現(xiàn)問題→分析問題→解決問題”的研究思路,采用問卷調查、比較分析和案例分析等研究方法,在簡要地界定突發(fā)公共事件等相關概念的基礎上,對福建省福清市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)基層政府突發(fā)事件的應急管理現(xiàn)狀進行分析,明確了當前鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府所面臨的突發(fā)公共事件的主要類型和應對情況；并重點分析了福清市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)基層政府突發(fā)公共事件應急管理中存在的主要問題及其原因,其中主要問題包括危機預警設施缺乏且預警能力低、缺乏處置突發(fā)公共事件的專門機構、在應急事件的管理中缺乏溝通和反應速度不快、缺乏科學可操作性強的應急管理預案、應急管理的信息延遲及傳遞不準確和對于突發(fā)事件應急處置不力等,而導致上述這些問題出現(xiàn)的原因主要有社會的發(fā)展導致新問題出現(xiàn)、政府應對突發(fā)公共事件預警體系不健全、傳統(tǒng)發(fā)展觀念與時代發(fā)展主題的沖突、政府生態(tài)與社會發(fā)展和干群矛盾的不協(xié)調、應急處置決策水平不高、缺乏應急常識等；文章還以福清市新厝鎮(zhèn)3·29典型突發(fā)事件為例,分析福清市鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)基層政府應對突發(fā)公共事件的管理模式；隨后分別歸納總結了國內外基層政府應對突發(fā)公共事件的經(jīng)驗、教訓和啟示；最后,以福清市地域發(fā)展特點為出發(fā)點,明確科學處置突發(fā)公共事件應堅持的基本原則,并基于前述的問題和原因分析而提出相應的應對建議,主要包括建立健全突發(fā)公共事件預警體系,構建多方協(xié)同管理應對理念,轉變基層干部思想觀念增強服務意識,加強媒體應對能力建設和積極學習和借鑒國內外的先進經(jīng)驗等,以提升政府社會應急管理的能力和水平。
[Abstract]:At present, China has entered a period of frequent public emergencies, the damage of public emergencies has a chain reaction, causing incalculable loss and destruction to the society. The maintenance of social public safety is an important function of the government. Whether it can deal with all kinds of public emergencies effectively is an important index to measure the level of government management society. Therefore, the timely and effective handling of public emergencies is an important indicator to measure the governance of local society by governments at all levels, and to do their utmost to eliminate the harm caused by public emergencies. Eliminating adverse effects and maintaining social stability are issues that must be taken seriously by the government. Based on the theories of crisis management, emergency management, responsible government and public safety management, and according to the research ideas of "problem finding and problem solving", this paper adopts the methods of questionnaire, comparative analysis and case analysis. On the basis of briefly defining emergency public events and other related concepts, this paper analyzes the current situation of emergency management of township and township government emergencies in Fuqing, Fujian Province. This paper clarifies the main types and countermeasures of the public emergencies that the township government is facing at present, and analyzes the main problems and their causes in the emergency management of the public emergencies at the grass-roots level in Fuqing. The main problems include the lack of early warning facilities and low warning capacity, the lack of specialized agencies to deal with unexpected public events, the lack of communication and response speed in the management of emergency events, and the lack of scientific and operational emergency management plans. The delay and transmission of information in emergency management is inaccurate and the emergency response to emergencies is inadequate. The main reasons for these problems are the development of society and the emergence of new problems. The early warning system of public emergencies is not perfect, the traditional concept of development conflicts with the theme of the development of the times, the contradiction between government ecology and social development and the cadres and the masses, the level of emergency decision making is not high, and the common sense of emergency is lacking. This article also takes the Fuqing Xincuo Town 329 typical emergency as an example, analyzes the management mode of the township grass-roots government responding to the public emergency, and then summarizes the experience of the domestic and foreign grass-roots government to deal with the public emergency. Finally, taking the characteristics of regional development of Fuqing as the starting point, the basic principles to be adhered to in the scientific handling of public emergencies are made clear, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward based on the analysis of the problems and causes mentioned above. It mainly includes establishing and perfecting the early warning system for public emergencies, constructing the multi-party cooperative management response concept, changing the ideology of grass-roots cadres, strengthening service consciousness, strengthening media coping capacity building, and actively learning and learning from advanced experience at home and abroad, and so on. In order to improve the government's ability and level of social emergency management.
【學位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D63

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本文編號：2161346