發(fā)布時間：2018-06-09 14:29

  本文選題：三峽大壩 + 發(fā)展項目��； 參考：《華中科技大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：一個可行的全球化系統(tǒng)不僅需要不同國家間的內部聯(lián)系,同時也需要進行國際一體化,這種一體化超越了由策劃差異引起的經濟差距,不可控的環(huán)境破壞和馴服式的社會剝脫。如果全球化體系中的各個民族國家的政治能夠尊重并維護彼此的相互依賴性和雙贏合作,而不是彼此孤立和侵犯主權,那么上述的全球性問題就能解決。如果沒有這些價值觀,在社會經濟損失,長期貧困和邊緣化問題面前,很多國家就不堪一擊。通常這樣就會導致如下情況,一個國家的宏觀經濟政策和發(fā)展項目的決策會被一些外來的國家或者有著國際影響力的組織所操控,這些外來的力量只在乎自己的或者少數(shù)人的利益,對其他人和事則漠不關心。當一個國家的組織和政治不夠強大,不能允許并支持自己政府的領導者控制并決定與國家經濟,環(huán)境,文化和社會特性需求相一致的經濟發(fā)展之路時,那么類似的問題也會隨之而來。權力的不平衡性最能體現(xiàn)于發(fā)達國家,發(fā)展中國家或者貧困國家之間,這使得三峽大壩工程成為了這樣一種發(fā)展項目,它在一定層面上符合合理性決策的要求。這個工程很好地體現(xiàn)了在全球化體系帶來的挑戰(zhàn)面前,中國政府具有強大,果敢,獨立而明晰的決策能力。 對于發(fā)展中國家和低收入國家而言,聯(lián)合國的千年發(fā)展目標(今年逾期)的實現(xiàn)需要決策和執(zhí)行能力,這種能力不僅體現(xiàn)在無障礙的發(fā)展項目上,還體現(xiàn)在諸如三峽大壩等具有挑戰(zhàn)性的項目上,這個項目也成為一種現(xiàn)代化的標志和脫貧的有效工具。三峽大壩帶來全面的經濟效益,對人類和經濟發(fā)展也帶來了積極影響,主要體現(xiàn)在防洪(社會,經濟)上。從可持續(xù)發(fā)展維度來說,盡管這帶來多方利益,但三峽大壩項目也富有爭議,因為它在社會和環(huán)境方面造成了影響。但是,毋庸置疑它在本地發(fā)展,國家發(fā)展和全球發(fā)展方面作出了利民的貢獻,所以這樣一個項目決策所體現(xiàn)的合理性需要深入的研究和不偏不倚的討論。 三峽大壩帶來的重遷問題一直是人們尖銳批評的對象。就此可以參考《人類發(fā)展的條件》(尤其是最近研究所得出的結論)里的指標,書里所說的“可持續(xù)發(fā)展維度”被作為一種范例,來展示和評估重遷前后的宜昌居民的生活狀況�，F(xiàn)在的政策評估在名為“決策理論評估”的方法下執(zhí)行,這種方法利用了所謂的“多屬性效用分析”。整體而言,文章中所用的決策形式結合了文獻綜述和個案分析,其主要目標是評估三峽大壩作為一個發(fā)展項目的政策影響,同時決定工程決策中的合理性狀況。這項研究的另一個重要目標是展現(xiàn)中國政府決策風格中具有指導性的一面,同時也描述面對尖銳的批評和抵制改變的行為時,中國政府為發(fā)展而采用的權力政治所具備的特性,這定義了當今的全球化挑戰(zhàn)問題。通過涵蓋這些目標,本研究可以得出一個對世界其他國家和地區(qū)都很重要的結論,這對于那些非洲國家來說尤其重要,因為疲軟的政策決策已然成為它們的發(fā)展瓶頸。 這項研究的成果整體展示了三峽大壩工程的決策還沒有達到完全合理性的狀態(tài),因為該工程沒有可替代的方案,而這是本論文中的參考文獻《決策系統(tǒng)的理性模式》所需滿足的要求。然而,沒有可替代的方案表明了三峽大壩的重要性,而并非表明其決策過程中非合理性一面。就全球脫貧,慢性死亡問題和二氧化碳的排放而言,中國做出了積極而切實的貢獻,這是證明該工程具有合理性意義的無可爭辯的事實,不管這種合理性應被標注為低層次的理性,有限理性還是絕對理性。在全球化大氛圍下,不管是本地,區(qū)域還是國際層面都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)項目的利益相關者,在分析大壩決策的合理性時,這也應該被當做新的綜合指標加以考慮。這項研究還有另外的貢獻,那就是希望三峽大壩的決策過程具有全球性的啟示,并促進世界秩序的重塑,讓每個國家有自由去選擇適合本國發(fā)展需要的政策導向,同時在造福世界的同時不用擔心其他方推卸責任,威脅恐嚇和政策破壞的行為。
[Abstract]:A viable global system requires not only internal relations between different countries, but also international integration, which transcends the economic gap caused by planning differences, uncontrollable environmental destruction and taming social stripping. If the politics of the countries in the globalized system can be respected and maintained The global problems can be solved by the mutual dependence and win-win cooperation, not the isolation and sovereignty of each other. Without these values, many countries are vulnerable in the face of social economic losses, long-term poverty and marginalization. This will often lead to the following situation, a country's macroeconomic situation. Policy and development projects are manipulated by foreign countries or organizations with international influence. These external forces only care about their own or minority interests and are indifferent to others. When the organization and politics of a country are not strong enough, it can not allow and support the control of the leaders of their own government. When it comes to the economic, environmental, cultural and social characteristics of the country, the same problems will follow. The imbalance of power is most reflected in the developed countries, the developing countries or the poor countries, which makes the Three Gorges Dam project a kind of development project, which is in a certain level. It meets the requirements of rational decision-making. This project is a good embodiment of the strong, bold, independent and clear decision-making capabilities of the Chinese government in the face of the challenges of the global system.
For developing countries and low-income countries, the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (overdue this year) needs decision-making and implementation capabilities, not only in barrier free development projects, but also on challenging projects such as the Three Gorges Dam, which is also a symbol of modernization and a poverty reduction. The Three Gorges dam has brought comprehensive economic benefits and has brought positive effects on human and economic development, mainly in flood control (social and economic). From the dimension of sustainable development, although it brings many benefits, the Three Gorges Dam project is also controversial because of its social and environmental impact. There is no doubt that it has made a great contribution to the local development, national development and global development, so the rationality of such a project decision needs in-depth research and impartial discussion.
The resettlement problem of the Three Gorges dam has been a target of sharp criticism. It can be referred to the indicators in the conditions of human development (especially the conclusions of recent studies). The "sustainable development dimension" described in the book is used as an example to demonstrate and assess the living conditions of Yichang residents before and after the relocation. The policy evaluation is carried out under the method named "decision theory assessment". This method uses the so-called "multi attribute utility analysis". Overall, the decision-making forms used in the article are combined with literature review and case analysis. The main objective is to assess the policy impact of the Three Gorges Dam as a development project and determine the project decision at the same time. Another important goal of this study is to show the guiding side of the Chinese government's decision-making style, and also to describe the characteristics of the power politics that the Chinese government has adopted for development in the face of sharp criticism and resistance to change, which defines the challenge of globalization today. Covering these goals, this study can draw a very important conclusion to other countries and regions of the world, which is particularly important for African countries, as weak policy decisions have become a bottleneck for their development.
The results of the study show that the decision of the Three Gorges Dam project has not yet reached a fully reasonableness, because there is no alternative plan for the project, and this is a reference in this paper, the rational model of the decision system. It does not demonstrate the irrational side of its decision-making process. China has made a positive and practical contribution to the global poverty reduction, chronic death and carbon dioxide emissions. This is an indisputable fact that the project is reasonable, whether it should be labeled as a low-level rationality, limited rationality or no matter what it is. In the atmosphere of globalization, the stakeholders of the project can be found at both the local, regional and international levels. This should also be considered as a new comprehensive indicator in the analysis of the rationality of dam decision-making. This research has another contribution, that is, the decision-making process of the Three Gorges dam is global. The enlightenment, and the reshaping of the world order, let each country have the freedom to choose the policy orientation suitable for the needs of its own development, while at the same time benefiting the world without worrying about the other parties to shirk the responsibility and threaten the acts of intimidation and policy destruction.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TV632;D630
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本文編號：2000048