本文選題：鄰避沖突 + 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：以經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革為代表的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型是一個(gè)利益不斷分化、不同利益相互碰撞和妥協(xié)的過程。在這個(gè)過程中,不同利益之間的矛盾和沖突使社會(huì)充滿了不同類型的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)經(jīng)過一系列演化,形成不同類型的社會(huì)沖突,對正常的社會(huì)秩序產(chǎn)生了沖擊。近年來,有一種沖突引發(fā)了來自社會(huì)各方的關(guān)注,這就是"鄰避"沖突。"鄰避"(not in my backyard,簡稱NIMBY)一詞產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)80年代的西方國家,指的是人們對于在自家附近修建某些設(shè)施如化工廠、垃圾焚燒廠、核電站等所持的反對態(tài)度及抵制行動(dòng)。這些設(shè)施因其具有的某些負(fù)外部性特征而導(dǎo)致人們對其產(chǎn)生反感。自2008年以來,以廈門市民反對在廈門建設(shè)PX化工項(xiàng)目等為代表的鄰避沖突的頻繁發(fā)生,標(biāo)志著中國進(jìn)入了一個(gè)鄰避沖突的高發(fā)期。而對于鄰避問題的研究也逐漸成為國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界的熱點(diǎn)。社會(huì)沖突的根源在于社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),社會(huì)沖突治理的治本之策是進(jìn)行社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理。因此,本文試圖將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的思想引入鄰避沖突的治理之中。本文通過對鄰避、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、治理、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理等概念的含義和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整理、總結(jié),引出本文的主題——風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理思想在鄰避沖突治理中的應(yīng)用。由于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理在中國的鄰避沖突治理中缺乏應(yīng)用成功的實(shí)例,因此文章決定通過先提出一個(gè)鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架設(shè)想,并用案例分析的方法來檢驗(yàn)該框架,嘗試發(fā)現(xiàn)框架的不足,并探究原因,總結(jié)、分析風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理思想應(yīng)如何應(yīng)用與鄰避沖突的治理當(dāng)中。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架包含風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估準(zhǔn)備、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型化與估算、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通五個(gè)要素。在梳理、總結(jié)有關(guān)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估,以及鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理相關(guān)理論和實(shí)踐成果的基礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架本文提出了一個(gè)鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架設(shè)想,包含鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估準(zhǔn)備、鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估、鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型化與估算、鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溝通五個(gè)要素。隨后,本文嘗試運(yùn)用該框架對京沈高鐵鄰避事件以及九江PX項(xiàng)目事件兩起鄰避沖突的案例進(jìn)行分析。在分析中,本文發(fā)現(xiàn)基于社會(huì)穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估及鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理相關(guān)理論和實(shí)踐成果的鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理框架對于鄰避沖突的產(chǎn)生、演化等難以給出準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。經(jīng)過對鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)框架進(jìn)行基于鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生及演化機(jī)制的分析,本文得出了兩個(gè)結(jié)論:1.鄰避心理產(chǎn)生的不確定性影響風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估的可靠性;2.鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生及演化機(jī)制的復(fù)雜性增加了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估的難度。由此對社會(huì)穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估機(jī)制,以及如何正確地將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的思想應(yīng)用于鄰避沖突治理當(dāng)中提出了建議,如在"項(xiàng)目決策前的社會(huì)穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估環(huán)節(jié)中,可不必明確要求對項(xiàng)目的鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評估","政府和建設(shè)單位應(yīng)當(dāng)采用更加積極有效的溝通方式"等�；庵袊泥彵軉栴}不是一朝一夕就能完成的工作。解決鄰避問題需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新思路和方法。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的思想符合社會(huì)的發(fā)展要求。在今后的鄰避沖突治理中,運(yùn)用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理的視角,做好鄰避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析、評估,并采取相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理措施以防止風(fēng)險(xiǎn)演化成沖突,將吸引越來越多的研究者參與其中。
[Abstract]:The social transformation, represented by the economic and political economic system reform, is a process of continuous differentiation and collision and compromise between different interests. In this process, the contradictions and conflicts between different interests make the society full of different types of risks, and these risks form different types of social conflicts through a series of evolvement. The constant social order has struck. In recent years, there has been a conflict that has triggered attention from all sides of the society. This is the "not in my backyard", which comes from the western countries in 1980s, referring to the construction of certain facilities, such as chemical plants, garbage incineration plants, nuclear power plants, in the vicinity of their homes. Such facilities, such as opposition and boycott, have caused people to repugnant to some of their negative externalities. Since 2008, the frequent occurrence of neighboring conflicts, represented by Xiamen citizens in the construction of the PX chemical project in Xiamen, indicates that China has entered a period of high incidence of neighbouring conflict. The research on the avoidance problem has gradually become the hot spot in the domestic academic circles. The root of the social conflict lies in the social risk, the governance of the social conflict governance is the social risk management. Therefore, this article tries to introduce the thought of risk governance into the governance of the adjacent conflict. The meaning and characteristics are collated and summed up, and the theme of this paper is the application of risk management thought in the governance of adjacent conflict avoidance. Because of the lack of successful application of risk management in the governance of neighboring conflict avoidance in China, the article decides to first propose a framework for avoiding risk management, and use the method of case analysis to test it. This framework attempts to find out the shortcomings of the framework, and to explore the reasons, to summarize and analyze how the thought of risk management should be applied to the governance of the adjacent conflict avoidance. The framework of risk management includes five elements: risk assessment preparation, risk assessment, risk type and estimation, risk management and risk communication. On the basis of related theories and practical results of risk management, this paper proposes a framework for the governance framework of adjacent risk avoidance based on the framework of risk management, which includes five factors: preparedness of risk assessment, risk assessment, classification and estimation of adjacent risk, and communication between adjacent risk management and adjacent risk avoidance. In this framework, two cases of adjacent avoidance of Jiujiang PX project are analyzed. In the analysis, we find it is difficult to predict the emergence and evolution of the adjacent avoidance based on the theory of social stability risk assessment and the practice of adjacent risk management. Based on the analysis of the generation and evolution mechanism of adjacent risk avoidance, this paper draws two conclusions: the uncertainty produced by 1. adjacent avoidance affects the reliability of risk assessment; the complexity of 2. adjacent avoidance and the complexity of the evolution mechanism increases the difficulty of risk assessment. And how to correctly apply the thought of risk management to the governance of adjacent conflict and avoidance, such as "in the risk assessment of social stability before the project decision, it is not necessary to make a clear requirement for the assessment of the adjacent risk of the project". "The government and the construction unit should adopt a more active and effective way of communication". The avoidance of problems is not a work that can be completed overnight. Solving the problem of adjacent avoidance requires innovative ideas and methods. The thought of risk management is in line with the social development requirements. In the future neighbouring conflict management, the risk management is used in the perspective of risk management to do a good job of the analysis of the risk and avoidance of risk, and to take the corresponding risk management measures to prevent the evolution of the risk. Conflict will attract more and more researchers to participate in it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D630

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1 馮志宏;;社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期當(dāng)代中國的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理[J];延安大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年05期

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