本文選題：生態(tài)移民 + 補(bǔ)償��； 參考：《石河子大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：新疆生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償機(jī)制是游牧經(jīng)濟(jì)制度上的變遷和創(chuàng)新,也是人們應(yīng)對(duì)人類生存及發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化這對(duì)矛盾而進(jìn)行的制度創(chuàng)新與變遷。本研究從新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角出發(fā),通過(guò)對(duì)新疆現(xiàn)行生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的實(shí)證分析,旨在找出存在問(wèn)題及原因,并針對(duì)實(shí)際問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)一套科學(xué)、合理、操作性強(qiáng)、具有內(nèi)生激勵(lì)性作用的生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,同時(shí)為確保此機(jī)制的順利運(yùn)行,設(shè)計(jì)一套具有前瞻性的配套政策。本文以改進(jìn)后的DPSIR模型為機(jī)理,以“機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)—權(quán)責(zé)利結(jié)構(gòu)—利益或效用—激勵(lì)—運(yùn)行效果”為分析框架。通過(guò)實(shí)證分析,驗(yàn)證了新疆現(xiàn)行生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償機(jī)制缺乏激勵(lì)效應(yīng)與運(yùn)行效果不理想的現(xiàn)狀。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)新疆生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償機(jī)制存在的表象問(wèn)題及其背后隱藏的原因從移民類型導(dǎo)致的權(quán)利失衡、資金保障、法律約束與保障、目標(biāo)錯(cuò)位、多頭管理、績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)觀等六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了深入分析,深刻揭示了新疆生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償機(jī)制缺乏激勵(lì)效應(yīng)、運(yùn)行結(jié)果不理想的根本原因：權(quán)責(zé)利結(jié)構(gòu)失衡。新疆生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償機(jī)制需要進(jìn)行制度創(chuàng)新與完善。本文從補(bǔ)償責(zé)任確定、補(bǔ)償補(bǔ)償范圍確定、補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定、補(bǔ)償方式選擇、監(jiān)督及法律保障等五個(gè)方面開(kāi)展了制度創(chuàng)新。在補(bǔ)償責(zé)任確立方面,本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)根據(jù)相關(guān)利益主體受益程度來(lái)確定補(bǔ)償?shù)呢?zé)任主體,但這需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)權(quán)理論進(jìn)行突破,探討重新理解產(chǎn)權(quán)中各權(quán)利的優(yōu)先層次關(guān)系,如將產(chǎn)權(quán)中的使用權(quán)、收益權(quán)置于所有權(quán)之上,充分尊重移民所擁有的草場(chǎng)使用權(quán)與收益權(quán),并授予移民草場(chǎng)使用權(quán)與收益權(quán)的自由處置權(quán)。在補(bǔ)償范圍確定方面,本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)從補(bǔ)償?shù)膹V度和補(bǔ)償?shù)纳疃葍蓚�(gè)方面來(lái)界定其范圍。補(bǔ)償廣度方面,不但要將移民財(cái)產(chǎn)損失納入補(bǔ)償范圍,還應(yīng)將移民的人生權(quán)納入補(bǔ)償范圍。補(bǔ)償?shù)纳疃确矫?應(yīng)將新疆生態(tài)移民作為一種完全補(bǔ)償,補(bǔ)償應(yīng)考慮遷移初期的安置補(bǔ)償、中期產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展補(bǔ)償、中后期就業(yè)、醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老等。在補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定方面,本文引入了移民談判能力系數(shù)R、地區(qū)差異系數(shù)V。,通脹系數(shù)I,以彌補(bǔ)機(jī)會(huì)成本法中所存在的補(bǔ)償范圍不足、補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏低、補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一刀切、補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)期不變的缺點(diǎn)。在補(bǔ)償方式選擇方面,本文認(rèn)為應(yīng)本著生態(tài)移民利益優(yōu)先、因地置宜考慮地區(qū)差異、注重補(bǔ)償?shù)目沙掷m(xù)性等原則來(lái)選擇新疆生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償方式。對(duì)生態(tài)條件較好、人口的貧困程度相對(duì)較輕的北疆地區(qū),應(yīng)加大政策補(bǔ)償方式與技術(shù)補(bǔ)償?shù)牧Χ�。而�?duì)生態(tài)態(tài)環(huán)境退化嚴(yán)重、人口貧困程度深,區(qū)域發(fā)展比較落后南疆地區(qū)的生態(tài)移民,應(yīng)加大貨幣與實(shí)物補(bǔ)償?shù)牧Χ?避免移民因搬遷而陷入更深重的貧困。在監(jiān)督機(jī)制方面,本文認(rèn)為一是應(yīng)設(shè)立專門(mén)的議事協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)新疆生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償進(jìn)行管理及協(xié)調(diào),二是應(yīng)設(shè)立補(bǔ)償資金專管專用及使用效率監(jiān)督評(píng)估機(jī)制；三是要形成合理的產(chǎn)權(quán)制度,強(qiáng)化市場(chǎng)補(bǔ)償?shù)募?lì)與完善。法律保障方面,首先應(yīng)培育生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償?shù)牧⒎ㄓ^念；其次應(yīng)建立專門(mén)的新疆生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償法律體系；最后應(yīng)用法律來(lái)規(guī)范新疆生態(tài)移民補(bǔ)償主體間的權(quán)責(zé)利關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The compensation mechanism of ecological migration in Xinjiang is a change and innovation in the nomadic economic system. It is also a system innovation and change for people to cope with the contradiction between human survival and development and the deterioration of the ecological environment. From the perspective of the new institutional economics, this study aims to find out the existing compensation mechanism of the existing immigrants in Xinjiang. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the mechanism, a set of forward-looking policies is designed to ensure the smooth operation of the mechanism. This paper takes the improved DPSIR model as the mechanism, with the mechanism design - power and responsibility structure. Benefit or utility - Incentive - operation effect is an analytical framework. Through empirical analysis, it is verified that the current ecological immigration compensation mechanism in Xinjiang is not ideal for incentive effect and operation effect. On this basis, the phenomenon of the existence of the compensation mechanism of ecological immigration in Xinjiang and the hidden reasons behind it are caused by the type of immigration. The unbalance of rights, capital guarantee, legal constraint and guarantee, target dislocation, multi head management and performance evaluation have been deeply analyzed in six aspects, and the fundamental reason for the lack of incentive effect in Xinjiang ecological migration compensation mechanism and the unsatisfactory result of operation is that the balance of power and responsibility structure is unsatisfactory. The system of ecological immigration compensation in Xinjiang needs to be carried out. Innovation and perfection. This article has carried out system innovation from five aspects: the determination of compensation liability, the scope of compensation compensation, the determination of compensation standard, the choice of compensation mode, supervision and legal guarantee. In the aspect of the establishment of compensation liability, this article believes that the main body of compensation should be determined according to the benefit degree of the relevant stakeholders, but this needs to be done to the existing one. The theory of property rights breaks through, and discusses the priority hierarchy of rights in property rights, such as the right of use and income in property right above ownership, full respect for the right of use and income of the pasture, and the free disposal right of the right to use and return of the immigrant pasture. The scope of compensation should be defined from two aspects: the breadth of compensation and the depth of compensation. In terms of compensation scope, not only the loss of immigrant property should be included in the scope of compensation, but the right to life of immigrants should be included in the scope of compensation. The depth of compensation should be taken as a complete compensation for Xinjiang ecological migration, and compensation should be taken into consideration of the resettlement at the beginning of the migration. Compensation, medium-term industrial development compensation, middle and late employment, medical treatment, pension and so on. In the determination of compensation standards, this article introduces the immigration negotiation ability coefficient R, regional difference coefficient V., inflation coefficient I, in order to make up for the insufficient compensation range in the opportunity cost method, the compensation standard is low, the compensation standard is a knife cut, the compensation standard has long been fixed. In terms of the choice of compensation methods, this paper thinks that we should take the interests of ecological immigration priority, consider the regional differences and pay attention to the sustainability of compensation in order to choose the way of Xinjiang ecological migration compensation. While the ecological environment is seriously degraded, the degree of population poverty is deep, and the regional development is relatively backward in the southern Xinjiang ecological migration, the compensation of money and material should be strengthened to avoid the impoverished immigrant to be deeply impoverished by the relocation. In the aspect of supervision mechanism, the article holds that one should set up a special coordinating agency for the ecological migration of Xinjiang. The management and coordination of civil compensation should be carried out, two is to set up the special and use efficiency supervision and evaluation mechanism of the special fund for compensation funds; three is to form a reasonable property right system and strengthen the incentive and perfection of the market compensation. In the field of legal guarantee, the legislative concept of ecological immigration compensation should be cultivated first; secondly, the special compensation for ecological migration in Xinjiang should be established. Finally, the law should be applied to regulate the relationship between rights, responsibilities and interests of Xinjiang's eco migrants compensation entities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D632.4

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本文編號(hào)：1990118