本文選題：慈善法　切入點(diǎn)：民間慈善組織　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,在我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛發(fā)展的同時(shí),一系列的社會(huì)矛盾和問題也暴露出來。隨著貧富差距逐漸拉大,社會(huì)利益分配結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了巨大的變化,慈善事業(yè)作為社會(huì)財(cái)富第三次分配的重要手段,逐漸受到了整個(gè)社會(huì)認(rèn)同。公民社會(huì)開始成長(zhǎng)成熟,人們的慈善意識(shí)不斷地增強(qiáng),政府不再是唯一的管理者和救濟(jì)者。伴隨2016年《慈善法》的出臺(tái),慈善一度成為熱點(diǎn)話題,引起了人們極大的關(guān)注,公益慈善事業(yè)就此發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折,開啟了公益慈善事業(yè)在"依法治國(guó)"戰(zhàn)略下的新起點(diǎn)。《慈善法》中對(duì)慈善的定義進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)展,接受了現(xiàn)代大慈善的理念,慈善不再僅僅是救災(zāi)扶貧,而是將科學(xué)、教育、環(huán)保、體育、文化發(fā)展等領(lǐng)域都包括在內(nèi),這種概念的擴(kuò)充促進(jìn)慈善組織提供更加多元化的服務(wù),從而更好地發(fā)揮慈善組織在社會(huì)救助和社會(huì)福利中的作用。中華民族自古以來就有樂善好施、守望相助的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng),這些思想瑰寶將在法律的規(guī)范與保障下被人們發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。2008年發(fā)生的汶川大地震有力地喚醒中國(guó)人民的公民意識(shí)和慈善精神,很多民間慈善組織積極參與到抗震救災(zāi)工作中去,在抗震救災(zāi)和災(zāi)后重建中做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。2011年郭美美微博炫富事件等一系列的慈善丑聞使得官辦慈善組織公信力直線下降,給官辦慈善組織以沉重打擊,在官辦慈善組織公信力下降舉步維艱的時(shí)刻,自發(fā)自助的民間慈善組織因其組織規(guī)模小更加靈活、易于監(jiān)督以及提供服務(wù)針對(duì)性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì),更加受到人們的信任。安徽省的慈善事業(yè)在各級(jí)黨委、政府的重視和民間力量的協(xié)同推動(dòng)下健康有序發(fā)展,主要表現(xiàn)在:慈善組織的政策發(fā)展環(huán)境得到了改善,組織的服務(wù)能力得到了提升,民眾的慈善意識(shí)也在不斷地增強(qiáng)。近幾年安徽省自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā),如2016年洪澇災(zāi)害,社會(huì)各界紛紛伸出援助之手,安徽省的民間慈善組織迅速開展工作積極參與到各項(xiàng)慈善救災(zāi)活動(dòng)中,為安徽省戰(zhàn)勝自然災(zāi)害、進(jìn)行災(zāi)后重建做出了積極的貢獻(xiàn)。但由于安徽民間慈善組織還處于發(fā)展的初級(jí)階段,有著組織數(shù)量少、地區(qū)分布不均衡、慈善涉及領(lǐng)域不夠多元等特點(diǎn),民間慈善事業(yè)尚未形成整體效應(yīng),再加上有些已經(jīng)成立的民間慈善組織缺乏活力,沒有自主持續(xù)性開展活動(dòng),使得慈善工作效能無法有效的發(fā)揮。為了更好地將慈善資源服務(wù)于民政民生事業(yè),筆者將研究的視角對(duì)準(zhǔn)安徽省民間慈善組織,基于市場(chǎng)和政府失靈理論、第三次分配理論、以及善治和公民社會(huì)理論等對(duì)安徽省民間慈善組織的發(fā)展中存在的問題進(jìn)行研究,從法律政策環(huán)境、政府角色定位、組織自身能力建設(shè)、全方位監(jiān)督、慈善氛圍等方面提出問題,最后針對(duì)這些問題提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議,希望安徽省相關(guān)政府部門無論從法律政策、資金支持還是慈善文化宣傳方面,能夠大力支持和培育省內(nèi)民間慈善組織,弘揚(yáng)慈善文化,增強(qiáng)公民慈善意識(shí),同時(shí)民間慈善組織也要加強(qiáng)自身能力建設(shè),完善組織的信息公開機(jī)制和監(jiān)督機(jī)制,重塑組織公信力。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of China's economy and society, a series of contradictions and problems are also exposed. With the gradually widening gap between rich and poor, great changes have taken place in the distribution of social interests structure, charity as an important means of social wealth of the third distribution, gradually by the entire social identity of civil society began to grow. Mature, people's awareness of charity is continuously enhanced, the government is no longer the only management and relief. In 2016 with the introduction of "charity law >, once the charity has become a hot topic, has aroused great concern, philanthropy this turning point, opened a public charity in the" rule of law "strategy under the new starting point the charity charity law." the definition is extended, accepted the modern concept of charity, charity is not only poverty relief, but science, education, environmental protection, sports, paper The field of development are included, the expansion of the concept of promoting charitable organizations to provide more diversified services, in order to better play the role of charitable organizations in the social assistance and social welfare. The Chinese nation has a fine tradition of the happy in doing good, mutual help, these thoughts will treasure in the legal norms and protection by the people carry forward the Wenchuan earthquake happened in.2008 Chinese people powerfully awaken civic awareness and spirit of charity, many charitable organizations actively involved in earthquake relief work, in the earthquake relief and post disaster reconstruction and made an indelible contribution to.2011 Jocie Guo micro-blog a series of scandals and other charitable events show off their wealth makes the government credibility of charitable organizations in line fall to official charity organizations with a heavy blow, the official charity organizations decline in the credibility of the hard time, spontaneous Self-help private charitable organizations because of the small scale of organization is more flexible, easy to monitor and provide services for other advantages more trusted by people. Anhui province charity party committees at all levels, collaborative government attention and the power of the people to promote the healthy and orderly development, mainly in: Charity policy development environment the improvement of organizational service ability was improved, people's awareness of charity is growing. In recent years, Anhui province natural disasters, such as floods in 2016, the community have to lend a helping hand, Anhui province private charitable organizations to work quickly to actively participate in various charitable relief activities in Anhui province overcome the natural disaster and post disaster reconstruction and make a positive contribution. But because the private charitable organizations in Anhui is still in the initial stage of development, a number of organizations, area The uneven distribution of charity, relates to the field of diverse enough features, folk philanthropy has not yet formed the overall effect, plus some established private charitable organizations lack of vitality, there are continuing to carry out activities, making charitable work efficiency can not effectively play. To better serve the people's livelihood of charity resources, the author will from the perspective of alignment of private charitable organizations in Anhui Province, based on the theory of market failure and government failure, the third distribution theory, and good governance and civil society theory to study the existence and development of private charitable organizations in Anhui Province, from the legal and policy environment, the role of government, the organization's own ability construction, full supervision, put forward the problem of charity atmosphere, finally puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to solve these problems, I hope the relevant government departments in Anhui Province in terms of legal policy, funds Support or charitable cultural propaganda, to vigorously support and foster private charitable organizations in the province, carry forward the charity culture, enhance citizen awareness of charity and charitable organizations should also strengthen their capacity building, improve the organization of the information disclosure mechanism and supervision mechanism, reshape organizational credibility.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D632.9

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