本文關(guān)鍵詞： 精準(zhǔn)扶貧 政策執(zhí)行 鄉(xiāng)村治理　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公共政策執(zhí)行向來(lái)是政策過(guò)程中的重要一環(huán),所謂“三分政策,七分在執(zhí)行”,一項(xiàng)公共政策能否完整的實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo),關(guān)鍵在于政策執(zhí)行是否能夠順利進(jìn)行,進(jìn)而解決政策問(wèn)題。政策執(zhí)行是將計(jì)劃落到實(shí)處的過(guò)程,具體執(zhí)行結(jié)果的好壞則是策制定優(yōu)劣的檢測(cè)器,同時(shí)也為后續(xù)的政策評(píng)估奠定了基礎(chǔ)。貧困問(wèn)題是我國(guó)“十三五”時(shí)期為全面建成小康社會(huì)而必須要解決的重大現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。從我國(guó)扶貧政策發(fā)展歷程來(lái)看,“精準(zhǔn)扶貧”無(wú)疑是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義之下扶貧開發(fā)政策的又一進(jìn)階性的拓展。在這一宏觀背景下,以公共政策執(zhí)行為研究視角分析甘肅省精準(zhǔn)扶貧政策,整體把握甘肅省對(duì)于扶貧政策的落實(shí)狀況,利用政策執(zhí)行過(guò)程發(fā)現(xiàn)扶貧難題,為之后政策的不斷完善和調(diào)整提供切實(shí)可靠的依據(jù)。精準(zhǔn)扶貧政策執(zhí)行的效果能夠反映地方政府執(zhí)行力的強(qiáng)弱,這與當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展息息相關(guān)。通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)研,當(dāng)前精準(zhǔn)扶貧政策實(shí)際執(zhí)行狀況并不盡人意。具體而言,一是政策自身;二是政府主導(dǎo)式扶貧主體單一,導(dǎo)致資金不足、腐敗滋生等體制性問(wèn)題;三是精準(zhǔn)分配到戶的扶貧物資,增加了該貧困地區(qū)貧困戶私人物資占有量,但本區(qū)域內(nèi)公共產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的供給依然不足,尤其是土地產(chǎn)權(quán)模糊,財(cái)產(chǎn)性利益難以獲得;目標(biāo)群體文化程度低,小農(nóng)思想依然固化,自治的能力有限,參與扶貧的積極性并不能完全被調(diào)動(dòng),激勵(lì)機(jī)制難以形成;四是政策所處的自然環(huán)境貧弱,資源匱乏,政治性與體制壓力大,多數(shù)聯(lián)扶單位自身工作任務(wù)重,扶貧工作執(zhí)行壓力一定程度上加重了負(fù)擔(dān),扶貧工作成了迫于上級(jí)壓力而不得不承擔(dān)的任務(wù)。本文借公共政策執(zhí)行過(guò)程模型,分別從理想化政策、政策目標(biāo)群體、政策執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)和政策環(huán)境四個(gè)要素及其彼此之間形成的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,針對(duì)在精準(zhǔn)扶貧政策之下政府執(zhí)行所遇難題進(jìn)行了細(xì)致分析,并提出相應(yīng)建議。依據(jù)理論框架的引導(dǎo),從一個(gè)新的視角分析扶貧政策執(zhí)行過(guò)程中所遇窘境及原因,并據(jù)此給出解決措施。通過(guò)分析我們認(rèn)為,精準(zhǔn)扶貧政策執(zhí)行困境的突破路徑在于堅(jiān)持以人為本,加大農(nóng)村地區(qū)公共環(huán)境建設(shè),提升農(nóng)民單位資源占有量,并并完善政府主導(dǎo)下社會(huì)各主體多元參與的格局和貫徹村民自治的價(jià)值理念。在扶貧政策日趨完善的時(shí)期,需加強(qiáng)與扶貧實(shí)踐的契合性,引導(dǎo)村民利用扶貧資源積極自治,切實(shí)推進(jìn)國(guó)家脫貧攻堅(jiān)進(jìn)程和貧困治理能力現(xiàn)代化。
[Abstract]:The implementation of public policy has always been an important part of the policy process. The so-called "three-point policy, seven points of implementation", whether a public policy can achieve its expected goal completely or not, depends on whether the policy implementation can proceed smoothly. Policy implementation is the process of putting the plan into practice, and the good or bad results of the concrete implementation are the detectors for the formulation of good or bad policies. At the same time, it also laid a foundation for the policy evaluation. Poverty is a major practical problem that must be solved in order to build a well-off society in an all-round way during the 13th Five-Year Plan period of our country. From the perspective of the development of poverty alleviation policy in China, "Precision" "Poverty alleviation" is undoubtedly another step forward in poverty alleviation and development policies under socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the perspective of public policy implementation, this paper analyzes the precision poverty alleviation policy in Gansu Province, holds the implementation situation of poverty alleviation policy in Gansu Province, and finds out the problem of poverty alleviation through the process of policy implementation. To provide a reliable basis for the continuous improvement and adjustment of the policy. The effect of the implementation of the precise poverty alleviation policy can reflect the strength and weakness of the local government's executive power, which is closely related to the local economic development. Through field research, At present, the actual implementation of precision poverty alleviation policy is not satisfactory. Specifically, the policy itself, the government led by the main body of poverty alleviation single, resulting in insufficient funds, corruption and other institutional problems; The third is the accurate distribution of poverty relief materials to households, increasing the amount of private goods held by poor households in this poverty-stricken area, but the supply of public goods and services in the region is still insufficient, especially the ambiguity of land property rights and the difficulty of obtaining property benefits; The target group has a low level of education, small farmers' thinking is still solidified, the ability of autonomy is limited, the enthusiasm to participate in poverty alleviation cannot be fully mobilized, and the incentive mechanism is difficult to form; fourthly, the natural environment in which the policy is located is weak and the resources are scarce. Political and institutional pressures are high, and most of the joint support units have heavy work tasks themselves. To a certain extent, the pressure on the implementation of poverty alleviation work has increased the burden. Poverty alleviation has become a task that has to be undertaken under the pressure of higher authorities. This paper uses the process model of public policy implementation, respectively from the idealized policy and policy target groups. The four elements of policy implementation institution and policy environment and their interaction with each other are analyzed in detail in view of the difficulties encountered in government implementation under the policy of precision poverty alleviation, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward, according to the guidance of the theoretical framework. From a new angle of view, this paper analyzes the predicament and reasons encountered in the process of implementing pro-poor policies, and puts forward the solutions accordingly. Through the analysis, we think that the way to break through the predicament of precision poverty alleviation policy implementation lies in adhering to the people-oriented approach. To increase the construction of public environment in rural areas, to increase the possession of resources per unit of farmers, and to perfect the pattern of multiple participation of all social subjects under the guidance of the government and the value concept of villager autonomy. It is necessary to strengthen the correspondence with the practice of poverty alleviation, guide villagers to make use of poverty alleviation resources and actively autonomy, and promote the process of overcoming poverty and the modernization of poverty management ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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