中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司在費(fèi)改中提高車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-31 18:49
【摘要】：我國(guó)車(chē)輛保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率改革前,車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)是非效率的寡頭壟斷,處于非均衡的狀態(tài),我國(guó)財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司使用的是統(tǒng)一的、嚴(yán)格的費(fèi)率條款,不能更改或隨意使用費(fèi)率制度。隨著我國(guó)車(chē)險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展,統(tǒng)一制定并實(shí)施的車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的做法暴漏出諸多弊端。各個(gè)財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司的車(chē)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)種單一,不能根據(jù)具體地理、區(qū)位等因素厘定車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率,又無(wú)法在技術(shù)上創(chuàng)新,車(chē)輛保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;車(chē)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化嚴(yán)重,只能進(jìn)行惡性的不合規(guī)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng);與此同時(shí),不少財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司過(guò)于追求保費(fèi)收入,忽略了內(nèi)控管理、成本控制,這些都影響財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)效率,嚴(yán)重?cái)_亂車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的秩序,損害消費(fèi)者的利益。近幾年的車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率改革,逐步發(fā)揮多個(gè)市場(chǎng)主體的作用,允許達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的保險(xiǎn)公司自主擬定車(chē)險(xiǎn)的條款與厘定費(fèi)率,改善車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)的效率。目前效果不太明顯,需要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)。本文通過(guò)運(yùn)用制度變遷理論和“帕累托改善”理論研究這一問(wèn)題。主要思路是:首先分析車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)原有的寡頭壟斷制度存在的非效率問(wèn)題以及當(dāng)前車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)存在的非效率問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)狀及原因,然后借鑒國(guó)中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司在費(fèi)改中提高車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率制度創(chuàng)新的經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出我國(guó)車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)充分發(fā)揮中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司這一市場(chǎng)主體參與車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),提高效率的辦法,其中的關(guān)鍵在于中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司自身效率的提高,才能推動(dòng)車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)“帕累托改善”,并提出了中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司提高自身效率的建議。目前關(guān)于車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率的研究成果主要是我國(guó)目前的保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)是在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的條件下進(jìn)行的,其管理模式是比較死板的,是造成車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率不高的重要原因。中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司在保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展中有著至關(guān)重要的作用,學(xué)者主要偏重于中小、大保險(xiǎn)公司的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)對(duì)比方面的研究,缺乏對(duì)中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司在車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,優(yōu)化市場(chǎng)效率的研究。制度變遷理論是當(dāng)市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)不均衡的非效率狀態(tài)時(shí),各種經(jīng)濟(jì)主體利益關(guān)系改變,進(jìn)行再次分配,實(shí)現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)效率的“帕累托改善”的重要理論依據(jù)。我國(guó)車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率市場(chǎng)化可以通過(guò)有效的制度改革減少交易成本等,促進(jìn)車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率的提高。車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率市場(chǎng)化改革的目的就是發(fā)揮價(jià)格調(diào)控保險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品供給的作用,提高交易效率,同時(shí)依托政府,參考市場(chǎng)的供需,由各個(gè)保險(xiǎn)公司各自創(chuàng)新險(xiǎn)種、以及產(chǎn)品定價(jià)、制定費(fèi)率實(shí)行保險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品的個(gè)性化的模式,使得產(chǎn)品價(jià)格能夠發(fā)揮其杠桿效能。車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率市場(chǎng)化改革后,三大財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司車(chē)輛保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)占車(chē)險(xiǎn)總保費(fèi)的95.37%,市場(chǎng)集中度很高,我國(guó)車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局基本形成。2013年保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)年報(bào)指出在所有49家獲得車(chē)險(xiǎn)承保資格的保險(xiǎn)公司中,除人保財(cái)險(xiǎn)、太保財(cái)險(xiǎn)、平安財(cái)險(xiǎn)三家大公司盈利外,其他46家全部負(fù)盈利,虧損高達(dá)65.3億元。這表明整個(gè)車(chē)輛保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)的中小財(cái)產(chǎn)公司綜合成本率過(guò)高,盈利能力弱,提高車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率的作用很有限。首先分析國(guó)外中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司在車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,提高市場(chǎng)效率的成效明顯。主要經(jīng)驗(yàn):一是車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率改革是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程。二是在車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)改中政策扶持中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司。在費(fèi)改進(jìn)程中,車(chē)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管部門(mén)應(yīng)履行其職能,制定相應(yīng)的政策與規(guī)定,督促并監(jiān)督車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)主體按實(shí)際規(guī)劃、原則腳踏實(shí)地的進(jìn)行費(fèi)改,特別是制定幫助中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司提高車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率的政策,盡可能的避免大公司寡頭壟斷的局面。三是中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司要提升自身的效率,創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)是關(guān)鍵。其次分析中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司在車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)與不足。車(chē)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)改背景下中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司提高市場(chǎng)效率的前提是其自身要打造諸如機(jī)構(gòu)靈活、區(qū)域優(yōu)勢(shì)、樹(shù)立品牌形象、產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是目前中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司自身存在成本高、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制弱、客戶(hù)積累少與商業(yè)信譽(yù)差、產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化嚴(yán)重、盈利水平低等不足,使得其提高車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率的作用很有限。最后分析中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司在費(fèi)改中提高車(chē)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)效率的策略。策略的關(guān)鍵在于提高中小財(cái)險(xiǎn)公司自身的經(jīng)營(yíng)效率,具體可以從細(xì)分風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品組合、創(chuàng)新?tīng)I(yíng)銷(xiāo)渠道、建立專(zhuān)業(yè)化車(chē)險(xiǎn)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)團(tuán)隊(duì)、管控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和削減開(kāi)支、提高信譽(yù)以及基于大數(shù)據(jù)完善車(chē)險(xiǎn)定價(jià)與管理機(jī)制等方面優(yōu)化完善。
[Abstract]:Before the reform of China's vehicle insurance premium rate, the structure of China's vehicle insurance market was an inefficient oligopoly and in an unbalanced state. China's property insurance companies used a unified and strict rate clause, and could not change or arbitrarily use the rate system. There are many drawbacks. Each property insurance company has a single type of automobile insurance, can not determine the rate of automobile insurance according to specific geographical, location and other factors, and can not innovate in technology, the automobile insurance industry is lack of competitiveness; the homogeneity of automobile insurance products is serious, can only carry out vicious irregular competition; at the same time, many property insurance companies excessively pursue premium collection. In recent years, the reform of automobile insurance premium rate has gradually played the role of multiple market players, allowing insurance companies to independently formulate the terms and rates of automobile insurance and improve automobile insurance. The efficiency of the insurance market is not obvious at present and needs to be further improved. This paper uses the theory of institutional change and Pareto Improvement to study this problem. And the reasons, and then draw lessons from the experience of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in China to improve the efficiency of the automobile insurance market in the fee reform system innovation, put forward the automobile insurance market in China to give full play to small and medium-sized property insurance companies as the main market participants in the automobile insurance market competition, improve the efficiency of the way, the key is to improve the efficiency of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in order to promote the automobile insurance market. The market realizes Pareto Improvement and puts forward some suggestions for small and medium-sized property insurance companies to improve their own efficiency.At present, the research results on the efficiency of the automobile insurance market are mainly carried out under the condition of planned economy in China, and its management mode is rather rigid, which is an important reason for the inefficiency of the automobile insurance market. Small property insurance companies play a vital role in the development of the insurance industry. Scholars mainly focus on the comparative study of the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium-sized property insurance companies and large insurance companies. The marketization of automobile insurance premium rate in China can promote the improvement of automobile insurance market efficiency by reducing transaction costs through effective system reform. The purpose of the marketization reform of automobile insurance premium rate is to give full play to price regulation and control of insurance products. At the same time, relying on the government, referring to the supply and demand of the market, each insurance company innovates its own insurance types and price the products, formulates the rate to implement the individualized mode of insurance products, so that the product price can play its leverage efficiency. After the reform of the vehicle insurance premium rate market, the three major property insurance companies'vehicle insurance The annual report of the insurance industry in 2013 pointed out that among all the 49 insurance companies eligible for automobile insurance coverage, except the three major insurance companies, PICC Property Insurance, Taibao Property Insurance and Ping An Property Insurance, the other 46 companies were all profitable, with losses as high as 65.3%. This shows that the small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the whole automobile insurance industry have high comprehensive cost rate, weak profitability and limited effect on improving the efficiency of the automobile insurance market. The second is to support the small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the reform of vehicle insurance premiums. In the process of the reform of vehicle insurance premiums, the vehicle insurance supervision department should perform its functions, formulate corresponding policies and regulations, urge and supervise the main body of the vehicle insurance market to carry out the fee reform in accordance with the actual planning and principles, especially to formulate measures to help the small and medium-sized property insurance companies to improve the efficiency of the vehicle insurance market. Third, small and medium-sized property insurance companies should improve their own efficiency, and innovative products and services are the key. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the automobile insurance market competition are analyzed. However, at present, small and medium-sized property insurance companies have their own shortcomings, such as high cost, weak risk control, less customer accumulation and poor commercial reputation, serious product homogeneity, low profitability and so on, which make their role in improving the efficiency of the automobile insurance market very limited. The key of the strategy lies in improving the operating efficiency of the small and medium-sized property insurance companies themselves. Specifically, we can subdivide risks, optimize product mix, innovate marketing channels, set up specialized marketing team, control risks and reduce expenditure, improve credibility and improve automobile insurance based on large data. Pricing and management mechanisms are optimized and perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F842.634
本文編號(hào)：2215857
[Abstract]:Before the reform of China's vehicle insurance premium rate, the structure of China's vehicle insurance market was an inefficient oligopoly and in an unbalanced state. China's property insurance companies used a unified and strict rate clause, and could not change or arbitrarily use the rate system. There are many drawbacks. Each property insurance company has a single type of automobile insurance, can not determine the rate of automobile insurance according to specific geographical, location and other factors, and can not innovate in technology, the automobile insurance industry is lack of competitiveness; the homogeneity of automobile insurance products is serious, can only carry out vicious irregular competition; at the same time, many property insurance companies excessively pursue premium collection. In recent years, the reform of automobile insurance premium rate has gradually played the role of multiple market players, allowing insurance companies to independently formulate the terms and rates of automobile insurance and improve automobile insurance. The efficiency of the insurance market is not obvious at present and needs to be further improved. This paper uses the theory of institutional change and Pareto Improvement to study this problem. And the reasons, and then draw lessons from the experience of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in China to improve the efficiency of the automobile insurance market in the fee reform system innovation, put forward the automobile insurance market in China to give full play to small and medium-sized property insurance companies as the main market participants in the automobile insurance market competition, improve the efficiency of the way, the key is to improve the efficiency of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in order to promote the automobile insurance market. The market realizes Pareto Improvement and puts forward some suggestions for small and medium-sized property insurance companies to improve their own efficiency.At present, the research results on the efficiency of the automobile insurance market are mainly carried out under the condition of planned economy in China, and its management mode is rather rigid, which is an important reason for the inefficiency of the automobile insurance market. Small property insurance companies play a vital role in the development of the insurance industry. Scholars mainly focus on the comparative study of the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium-sized property insurance companies and large insurance companies. The marketization of automobile insurance premium rate in China can promote the improvement of automobile insurance market efficiency by reducing transaction costs through effective system reform. The purpose of the marketization reform of automobile insurance premium rate is to give full play to price regulation and control of insurance products. At the same time, relying on the government, referring to the supply and demand of the market, each insurance company innovates its own insurance types and price the products, formulates the rate to implement the individualized mode of insurance products, so that the product price can play its leverage efficiency. After the reform of the vehicle insurance premium rate market, the three major property insurance companies'vehicle insurance The annual report of the insurance industry in 2013 pointed out that among all the 49 insurance companies eligible for automobile insurance coverage, except the three major insurance companies, PICC Property Insurance, Taibao Property Insurance and Ping An Property Insurance, the other 46 companies were all profitable, with losses as high as 65.3%. This shows that the small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the whole automobile insurance industry have high comprehensive cost rate, weak profitability and limited effect on improving the efficiency of the automobile insurance market. The second is to support the small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the reform of vehicle insurance premiums. In the process of the reform of vehicle insurance premiums, the vehicle insurance supervision department should perform its functions, formulate corresponding policies and regulations, urge and supervise the main body of the vehicle insurance market to carry out the fee reform in accordance with the actual planning and principles, especially to formulate measures to help the small and medium-sized property insurance companies to improve the efficiency of the vehicle insurance market. Third, small and medium-sized property insurance companies should improve their own efficiency, and innovative products and services are the key. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the automobile insurance market competition are analyzed. However, at present, small and medium-sized property insurance companies have their own shortcomings, such as high cost, weak risk control, less customer accumulation and poor commercial reputation, serious product homogeneity, low profitability and so on, which make their role in improving the efficiency of the automobile insurance market very limited. The key of the strategy lies in improving the operating efficiency of the small and medium-sized property insurance companies themselves. Specifically, we can subdivide risks, optimize product mix, innovate marketing channels, set up specialized marketing team, control risks and reduce expenditure, improve credibility and improve automobile insurance based on large data. Pricing and management mechanisms are optimized and perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F842.634
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