本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別與控制研究　出處：《吉林財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：信用卡作為企業(yè)與居民短期貸款的重要金融工具已經(jīng)普及國(guó)內(nèi)外。近些年來(lái)我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行信用卡從發(fā)行量到有效持有量均逐年高速遞增,目前信用卡的發(fā)行已成為商業(yè)銀行利潤(rùn)的重要增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn),與國(guó)外信用卡業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀相比,我國(guó)信用卡發(fā)行的現(xiàn)狀十分典型,通過(guò)個(gè)人研究及實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)出以下幾點(diǎn):第一,各商業(yè)銀行為了搶占客戶資源大量發(fā)行信用卡,信用卡發(fā)行量逐年增高,信用卡的營(yíng)業(yè)收入和違約率也隨之遞增,人均信用卡持有量不斷增加;第二,我國(guó)信用卡相關(guān)制度不完善,主要體現(xiàn)在審核時(shí)的個(gè)人征信審核內(nèi)容不夠全面、個(gè)人信息管理和客戶信息維護(hù)不及時(shí)、信用卡額度審批流程不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)導(dǎo)致的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn);第三,信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)控流程存在漏洞,導(dǎo)致大量境內(nèi)外用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)沒(méi)有及時(shí)識(shí)別為而產(chǎn)生操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn);第四,由于我國(guó)客戶的消費(fèi)觀與國(guó)外不同,我國(guó)大部分信用卡使用是被動(dòng)的,致使我國(guó)信用卡業(yè)務(wù)為商業(yè)銀行帶來(lái)高額利潤(rùn)存在障礙。另外國(guó)有銀行在國(guó)外的分支機(jī)構(gòu)并不多,而且境外我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行能辦理信用卡的相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)少之又少,所以境外持有我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行信用卡存在更高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)根源主要體現(xiàn)在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理技術(shù)的落后、信用評(píng)估制度不夠完善、發(fā)卡機(jī)構(gòu)管理制度不完善、信用卡營(yíng)銷人員管理問(wèn)題和相關(guān)法律法規(guī)不完善。目前信用卡已成為生活中消費(fèi)支付的重要方式,同時(shí)信用卡的錯(cuò)誤使用、制卡技術(shù)問(wèn)題和商業(yè)銀行信用卡管理等問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致信用卡在發(fā)行和使用過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),所以,我國(guó)信用卡在發(fā)行和管理方面需要借助國(guó)外的先進(jìn)理論和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別模型進(jìn)行信用卡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析并加以應(yīng)用,以保障我國(guó)信用卡業(yè)務(wù)的良好發(fā)展,以適應(yīng)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。本文通過(guò)對(duì)當(dāng)前信用卡現(xiàn)狀的分析,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)分析,參照國(guó)內(nèi)外知名學(xué)者所提出的理論、當(dāng)代信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別和操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別的模型來(lái)分析我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特點(diǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)根源。并根據(jù)工商銀行信用卡的業(yè)務(wù)操作流程,分析當(dāng)前信用卡發(fā)行、業(yè)務(wù)操作和客戶維護(hù)的問(wèn)題。文章通過(guò)選取《新巴賽爾協(xié)議》中信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別的內(nèi)部評(píng)價(jià)法的和操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別的基本指標(biāo)法,結(jié)合某商業(yè)銀行信用卡相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)和工商銀行的2012年到2014年年報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算分析銀行的資本配置。并對(duì)工商銀行內(nèi)部控制的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別方案加以分析和應(yīng)用。文章第五章例舉兩個(gè)商業(yè)銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)案例。其中,案例一為主要因風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)控流程和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)分及識(shí)別模型選取的問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致的批量信用卡盜刷案件,為典型信用卡操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)案例。案例二為信用卡產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和信用卡相關(guān)制度的問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致信用卡循環(huán)貸款違約,為典型信用卡信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)案例。通過(guò)對(duì)兩個(gè)典型案例的發(fā)生過(guò)程和數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)案例中存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)并針對(duì)案例提出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的建議。同時(shí)文章對(duì)商業(yè)銀行進(jìn)行信用卡發(fā)行優(yōu)化、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制起到重要作用。在第六章中結(jié)合當(dāng)前信用卡的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)表現(xiàn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)根源,結(jié)合案例中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn),針對(duì)性地提出信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的相關(guān)意見(jiàn)。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制建議的提出為商業(yè)銀行信用卡業(yè)務(wù)的全面管理和適應(yīng)國(guó)家宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展均有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文通過(guò)提取信用卡最新研究數(shù)據(jù)總結(jié)信用卡發(fā)行現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)行特點(diǎn),通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)查和信用卡業(yè)務(wù)操作流程分析信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的根源。通過(guò)閱讀文獻(xiàn)總結(jié)國(guó)外信用卡發(fā)行經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別的方法進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)并選取風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別模型舉例并應(yīng)用于信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理。為商業(yè)銀行在信用卡審批、發(fā)行、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)控及客戶維護(hù)等方面提供可靠的理論依據(jù),對(duì)今后有效規(guī)避及控制信用卡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究起到重要作用。
[Abstract]:Credit card as an important financial tool for enterprises and residents of short-term loans have been popular at home and abroad. In recent years, China's commercial banks credit card holdings from circulation to the rapid increase year by year, an important growth point of current credit card issuance has become the profit of commercial banks, compared with foreign credit card business development status, current situation of our country credit card issuers are typical, through individual research and practice experience summed up the following points: first, the commercial banks in order to seize a large number of clients to issue credit cards, credit card issuance volume increased year by year, the credit card business income and the default rate is increased, the per capita credit card holdings increased; second, China the credit card system is not perfect, mainly reflected in the content of personal credit audit audit is not comprehensive, personal information management and customer information maintenance is not timely, the amount of credit card The approval process is not precise enough to lead to credit risk; third, credit card risk monitoring process loopholes, resulting in a large number of domestic use the card without the risk of timely identification for arising from operational risk; fourth, due to our customer consumption concept is different from overseas, most of our country's credit card use is passive, resulting in China's credit card business high profits for commercial banks exist obstacles. Another state-owned bank branches abroad are not many, and foreign commercial banks in China can handle the relevant business credit card is less and less, so I hold the overseas commercial bank credit card has higher risk. The risk source of credit risk is mainly reflected in the risk management of technology the backward, credit evaluation system is not perfect, the card issuer management system is not perfect, the management of credit card marketing personnel and related laws and regulations are not perfect the credit. The card has become an important way of life of the consumer to pay at the same time, the use of credit card mistakes, business card printing technology and commercial bank credit card management and other issues resulting in the issue of risk, and use of credit cards so the risk analysis of China's credit card issuing and management aspects of the advanced theory and risk identification model need help foreign credit card and using it to ensure the healthy development of China's credit card business, in order to adapt to the country's economic policy and economic development. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the credit card, the analysis of literature at home and abroad, according to the domestic and foreign scholars proposed the theory of contemporary credit risk and operational risk the recognition model to analyze the characteristics and origin of the risk of China's commercial bank credit risk. And according to the operation process of commercial bank credit card, the analysis of the current credit card issuers, Operations and customer maintenance. This paper selects the New Basel Agreement > < in basic indicators of internal evaluation of risk identification method and operational risk identification, combined with a commercial bank credit card and data related to the industrial and Commercial Bank of China from 2012 to 2014 annual data analysis of bank capital allocation. And analysis and application of the risk identification scheme of industrial and commercial bank internal control. The fifth chapter lists two commercial bank risk cases. Among them, one case is mainly due to causes the selected risk monitoring process and risk score and recognition model of the problem batch of fraudulent credit card cases, credit card is a typical case of operational risk cases. The credit card and credit product design card related system led to the problem of credit card revolving loan default, as a typical credit card credit risk cases. Through the process of two typical cases The calculation and data analysis, summarize the existing case in point of risk and put forward the proposal of the risk control for the case. At the same time the credit card issuers to optimize commercial banks, risk identification and risk control plays an important role. In the sixth chapter, combined with the development characteristics of credit card risk at present, performance and risk source, combined with the case the risk, put forward relevant suggestions to control credit risk. Risk control suggestions for comprehensive management of commercial bank credit card business and adapt to the national macroeconomic control and economic development have practical significance. This paper summarizes the latest research data of credit card issuers issued by extracting the status and characteristics of credit card, through field the investigation and analysis of origin of credit card business operation process of credit card risk. By reading the summary of foreign credit card issuance, the credit card risk. Other methods were summarized and selected and applied to the risk identification model for credit risk management. The issue for commercial banks in the credit card approval, and provide a reliable theoretical basis for risk control and customer maintenance etc., in the future to avoid and control the risk of credit card has played an important role.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F832.2

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