本文選題：決策風(fēng)格 + 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,人們從不斷經(jīng)歷著做決定的過程。做決定是一件非常不容易的事,因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)谧鰶Q定時(shí)往往面對(duì)不確定的環(huán)境,一旦做出決定,就意味著對(duì)未來有一定程度的冒險(xiǎn),而人們總希望能“魚與熊掌”兼得。 通常,我們相信,人們?cè)谧鰶Q定的時(shí)候有一個(gè)較為穩(wěn)定的模式。從心理學(xué)的角度來說,個(gè)體在做決策時(shí)通常有一個(gè)較為穩(wěn)定的決策風(fēng)格和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好。然而過去國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)于個(gè)體決策風(fēng)格和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好的研究中,并沒有指出個(gè)體對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)知加工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策是否依然遵從其自身穩(wěn)定的決策風(fēng)格和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好。本研究旨在探索個(gè)體決策風(fēng)格和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好在簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)知加工時(shí)是否具有穩(wěn)定性,同時(shí),開發(fā)一種嚴(yán)格控制實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的測(cè)量方法,試圖用速度與準(zhǔn)確率權(quán)衡范式來預(yù)測(cè)個(gè)體的決策風(fēng)格和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好,為發(fā)展一種新的測(cè)評(píng)個(gè)體決策風(fēng)格和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好的方法打下基礎(chǔ)。 本研究用人格測(cè)評(píng)量表MBTI量表測(cè)評(píng)被試,將量表得分在思考(T)-情感(F)維度上T分于16-20之間的被試定義為分析型決策風(fēng)格,F分于16-20之間的被試定義為啟發(fā)型決策風(fēng)格,這樣將所有被試分為兩組進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。研究借用速度與準(zhǔn)確率權(quán)衡范式(SAT范式),采用2×5兩因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),在嚴(yán)格控制條件的實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境中對(duì)被試進(jìn)行施測(cè)。實(shí)驗(yàn)假設(shè)：如果個(gè)體為分析型決策風(fēng)格,則個(gè)體在簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)知加工過程中更加追求準(zhǔn)確率；如果個(gè)體為啟發(fā)型決策風(fēng)格,則個(gè)體在簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)知加工過程中更加追求速度。 實(shí)驗(yàn)使用E-prime軟件編寫的實(shí)驗(yàn)程序,用招募的方式吸引被試30名,均為西南大學(xué)學(xué)生。實(shí)驗(yàn)被試間因素為被試分組后的類型,此因素有2個(gè)水平——分析型組、啟發(fā)型組。被試內(nèi)因素為預(yù)備信號(hào)發(fā)出到呈現(xiàn)刺激之間的時(shí)間間隔,此因素有5個(gè)水平——100毫秒、300毫秒、500毫秒、700毫秒、900毫秒。時(shí)間間隔的每種水平隨機(jī)呈現(xiàn)30次(紅點(diǎn)、綠點(diǎn)各15次),共有150次實(shí)驗(yàn)處理。兩組被試對(duì)隨機(jī)出現(xiàn)的紅色小點(diǎn)和綠色小點(diǎn)作出不同反應(yīng)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得所有被試的選擇反應(yīng)時(shí)和反應(yīng)正確率。經(jīng)SPSS15.0統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,得到以下結(jié)果。 第一,在5種時(shí)間間隔水平上,分析型組被試反應(yīng)時(shí)均長(zhǎng)于啟發(fā)型組被試,正確率均高于啟發(fā)型組被試。 第二,被試類型和時(shí)間間隔之間交互作用極其顯著。 第三,經(jīng)簡(jiǎn)單效應(yīng)檢驗(yàn),分組因素對(duì)于因變量——反應(yīng)時(shí)和正確率的影響顯示,在時(shí)間間隔的每種水平上,兩組被試的反應(yīng)時(shí)和正確率都有極其顯著的差異。 由此可以得出以下結(jié)論： 第一,如果個(gè)體為分析型決策風(fēng)格,則個(gè)體在速度與準(zhǔn)確率權(quán)衡中更加追求準(zhǔn)確率；如果個(gè)體為啟發(fā)型決策風(fēng)格,則個(gè)體在速度與準(zhǔn)確率權(quán)衡中更加追求速度。 第二,由于目前還沒有一種非常精確的判斷被試的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好類型的方法,經(jīng)SAT實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,人們?cè)谶M(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)知加工時(shí),決策風(fēng)格和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好遵從其一貫的模式,從而得知SAT范式可以作為一種判斷被試風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好類型的方法,但其結(jié)果的精確程度尚需進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。 第三,經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,MBTI量表具有較高生態(tài)學(xué)效度。 第四,決策風(fēng)格和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好作為個(gè)體人格的構(gòu)成部分,是具有穩(wěn)定性的。
[Abstract]:In real life , people are going through the process of making decisions . It is not easy to make decisions because people often face uncertain circumstances when making decisions , and once decisions are made , it means a certain degree of adventure for the future , and people always want to be able to " fish and bear the paw " .



Generally speaking , we believe that there is a more stable model in making decisions . From the perspective of psychology , individuals usually have a more stable decision - making style and risk preference when making decisions . However , there is no point in the study of individual decision - making styles and risk appetite .



In this study , the personality assessment scale ( MBTI ) scale was used to measure the scale scores in the thinking ( T ) - emotion ( F ) dimension . T scores between 16 and 20 were defined as analytical decision styles , and F scores between 16 and 20 were defined as heuristic decision styles .
If the individual is the heuristic decision - making style , the individual will seek speed in a simple cognitive process .



The experiment was conducted using the E - prime software , and 30 of them were recruited in the way of recruitment . The experiment was divided into two groups : two horizontal _ analysis groups and heuristic groups . The factors included five levels _ 100 milliseconds , 300 milliseconds , 500 milliseconds , 700 milliseconds , 900 milliseconds . Each level of time interval was randomly presented for 30 times ( red spots , green points 15 times ) , and 150 experimental treatments were conducted . Two groups were tested for different responses to the randomly appearing red dots and green dots .



The following results were obtained by SPSS 15.0 statistical analysis .



First , at 5 time intervals , the analysis group was longer than the heuristic group and the correct rate was higher than that of the heuristic group .



Second , the interaction between the tested type and the time interval is extremely significant .



Thirdly , through the simple effect test , the influence of the grouping factors on the factor _ response and the accuracy rate shows that at every level of the time interval , there are extremely significant differences between the two groups of the reaction time and the correct rate .



The following conclusions can thus be drawn :



First , if the individual is the analytical decision - making style , the individual is more accurate in speed and accuracy trade - off ;
If the individual is the heuristic decision - making style , the individual is more likely to seek speed in terms of speed and accuracy .



Second , because there is not yet a very accurate method of judging the risk preference type of the tested risk preference type , the decision - making style and the risk preference conform to the consistent pattern when the simple cognitive processing is carried out , so that the SAT paradigm can be used as a method of judging the type of the tested risk preference , but the accuracy of the result is still further verified .



Thirdly , the MBTI scale has higher ecological validity through experiments .



Fourthly , the decision - making style and the risk preference as the constituent parts of the individual personality are of stability .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：C934

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 羅俊;基于行為分析的貨物運(yùn)輸方式選擇模型研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 董益文;企業(yè)管理者理性決策對(duì)決策質(zhì)量影響的實(shí)證研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

2 李莉;基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好的航運(yùn)公司多元化投資組合決策研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1733507