本文關(guān)鍵詞：遺傳因素在風險決策加工中的作用，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

遺傳因素在風險決策加工中的作用

The Role of Genes in Risky Decision Making

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

HE Qinghua, XUE Gui, CHEN Chunhui, DONG Qi, CHEN Chuansheng （1 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neur

[1]西南大學心理學部,重慶400715; [2]北京師范大學認知神經(jīng)科學與學習國家重點實驗室,北京100875; [3]University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, 美國

文章摘要：風險決策是指個體對不同選項及其概率進行權(quán)衡之后做出決定的過程。它是一個復雜的加工過程，，需要平衡獎賞選項的誘惑和損失選項的憂慮。風險決策能力是人腦最重要的高級功能之一。在現(xiàn)實生活中，風險決策能力具有非常大的個體差異，而遺傳和環(huán)境各自都在其中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。在這篇文章中，我們首先綜述近年來風險決策研究領(lǐng)域中探討遺傳影響風險決策加工的研究，包括雙生子研究與分子遺傳學研究。在介紹分子遺傳學研究時，按照基因所屬神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)系統(tǒng)，分別介紹了多巴胺遞質(zhì)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)基因（如COMT、DAT等）、五羥色胺遞質(zhì)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)基因（如SLC6A4、舢等）和其他基因（如BDNF）對風險決策能力個體差異的影響。隨后，我們探討了環(huán)境對風險決策個體差異的影響，以及基因．環(huán)境交互作用對風險決策個體差異的影響。接下來，我們介紹了將腦的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能作為內(nèi)表型來考察基因和環(huán)境對風險決策個體差異的影響的最新進展。在文章的最后，我們指出今后對風險決策個體差異的研究應該同時考慮遺傳和環(huán)境，并考察腦的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能在其中的中介作用。

Abstr：Risky decision making is a complex process that involves weighing different options in terms of their likelihood of potential rewards and risks. It is one of the most important cognitive functions of the human brain. People differ significantly in their everyday risky decision making, partly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this article, we first review recent studies investigating the effect of genetic factors on risky decision making, including twin studies and molecular genetic studies. Candidate genes included dopamine-related genes （e.g., COMT and DAT）, serotonin-related genes （e.g., SLC6A and TPH1）, and other genes （e.g., BDNF）. We then discussed the contribution of environment as well as gene-environment interaction to risky decision making. Recent studies have also incorporated brain anatomy and functions as endophenotypes of risky decision making in molecular genetic research. In the final section, we outline directions of future research that should emphasize gene-environment interactions and brain structure and functions as the mediators between genes and risky decision making.

文章關(guān)鍵詞：

Keyword：:heritability genes risky decision making environment gene-environment interaction brain

課題項目：本研究受到國家自然科學基金青年項目（31100807）,教育部高等學校博士學科點專項科研基金（20110003120001）,教育部學科創(chuàng)新引智計劃（B07008）,北京師范大學認知神經(jīng)科學與學習國家重點實驗室開放課題基金,以及西南大學博士啟動項目的資助.

作者信息：會員可見

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：遺傳因素在風險決策加工中的作用，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。