本文選題：財(cái)政支農(nóng) + 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè),關(guān)系著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的弱質(zhì)性和公共產(chǎn)品屬性決定了政府需要對其進(jìn)行必要的政策支持和資金保障。內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)是我國重要的農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、輸出、加工基地,近年來其財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的資金支出總量逐年增加,支出范圍愈加廣泛,涵蓋了農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開發(fā)、扶貧、農(nóng)村教育、農(nóng)業(yè)科研與推廣、農(nóng)村牧區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、農(nóng)村醫(yī)療保障和農(nóng)村文化等多重領(lǐng)域。盡管如此,自治區(qū)在財(cái)政支農(nóng)資金管理和財(cái)政支農(nóng)政策制度方面仍然存在著支農(nóng)政策指向不明確、相對規(guī)模較小、投入力度不大、管理不嚴(yán)、分配不合理并缺乏有效的制度監(jiān)管等問題。同時,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展步入新常態(tài),財(cái)政收入增幅趨緩,財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模增長壓力凸顯,如何發(fā)揮財(cái)政的引導(dǎo)、撬動、乘數(shù)作用需要深入研究。本課題分別以財(cái)政支農(nóng)最優(yōu)規(guī)模理論為基礎(chǔ)采用巴羅的A·K模型評價了內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)的規(guī)模,以福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ)采用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度方法評價了內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)的結(jié)構(gòu),以公共產(chǎn)品供給理論為基礎(chǔ)采用案例分析法評價了內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)的方式,得到的主要結(jié)論是：(1)我國財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整較大。現(xiàn)階段國家財(cái)政支農(nóng)重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)ιa(chǎn)者的補(bǔ)貼支持,其投入量約占財(cái)政支農(nóng)總投入的90%,另外約有10%的資金投入到一般服務(wù)支持中。在生產(chǎn)者的補(bǔ)貼支持中,有79.3%的資金用于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價格支持；在一般服務(wù)支持中,約有36.7%的資金用于農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè),28.5%的資金用于農(nóng)業(yè)科技體系建設(shè)。同農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家的對比來看,我國的財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)趨同于世界財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化規(guī)律。目前我國財(cái)政支農(nóng)的資金來源主要來自中央財(cái)政和地方財(cái)政的投入。其中,地方財(cái)政投入占投入總規(guī)模的96%以上,而中央財(cái)政投入則不足4%。通過與全國財(cái)政支農(nóng)的對比分析后筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模的增速顯著低于全國整體水平,導(dǎo)致了財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模缺口的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大；從資金投入方向劃分的財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)來看,內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)的主要支出領(lǐng)域?yàn)檗r(nóng)業(yè)注、林業(yè)和水利,2013年,這三個領(lǐng)域的投入資金占比達(dá)到78.97%,高于國家總體水平3.28個百分點(diǎn)�？傮w來看,全區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)除水利和農(nóng)村綜合改革方面的支出占比呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢以外,其余領(lǐng)域的投入占比基本穩(wěn)定。(2)現(xiàn)階段內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)絕對規(guī)模呈現(xiàn)逐年上升趨勢,相對規(guī)模基本穩(wěn)定在12%。根據(jù)巴羅的內(nèi)生經(jīng)濟(jì)增長模型,在不考慮技術(shù)進(jìn)步的情況下,資本投入是推動內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的主要因素,表現(xiàn)為農(nóng)業(yè)資本存量(即某一時點(diǎn)下在生產(chǎn)中的資本資產(chǎn)的數(shù)量)每增加1%,農(nóng)業(yè)增加值提高0.2627%；財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模每增加1%,農(nóng)業(yè)增加值提高0.3855%。隨著農(nóng)村剩余勞動力規(guī)模的增長,農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力數(shù)量對拉動農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的作用不明顯。當(dāng)內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模占當(dāng)期農(nóng)業(yè)增加值的比重為38.55%時,財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模達(dá)到最佳。但是現(xiàn)階段全區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模均未達(dá)到最優(yōu),且財(cái)政支農(nóng)的實(shí)際投入與最優(yōu)規(guī)模的缺口逐年增加,財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模不足。(3)內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)各支持領(lǐng)域的支出規(guī)模都呈現(xiàn)出上升的趨勢,但是增長速度卻波動較大,尚未形成穩(wěn)定的增長機(jī)制；按照支出功能匪類,當(dāng)前自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)的主要支出領(lǐng)域?yàn)檠a(bǔ)貼類資金、治理類資金、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)資金以及行政事業(yè)費(fèi)的支出。鑒于農(nóng)業(yè)政策目標(biāo)多元化特征,本文從微觀的農(nóng)牧戶角度和宏觀的農(nóng)村牧區(qū)社會角度選取可量化的福利指標(biāo),采取主成分分析法構(gòu)建了農(nóng)村牧區(qū)社會總福利指數(shù),并將其作為衡量自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)的指標(biāo),通過灰色關(guān)聯(lián)理論分析了財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)對該福利指數(shù)的影響關(guān)聯(lián)序,結(jié)果顯示,自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)對總福利影響順序?yàn)椋貉a(bǔ)貼補(bǔ)助類資金非生產(chǎn)性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施類資金大江大河治理及環(huán)境保護(hù)類資金農(nóng)業(yè)科研推廣培訓(xùn)類資金生產(chǎn)性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施類資金農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化、經(jīng)營類資金行政事業(yè)費(fèi)類資金,這就意味著現(xiàn)行的財(cái)政支農(nóng)投資結(jié)構(gòu)與其對總福利指數(shù)的關(guān)聯(lián)序之間存在著錯位現(xiàn)象,需要以此為依據(jù)對財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化調(diào)整。(4)按照支農(nóng)支出比重的大小,財(cái)政支農(nóng)方式可以分為全部支出和部分支出。目前內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)支出的主要方式是以項(xiàng)目補(bǔ)貼的模式下?lián)艿娜恐С龌驘o償支出形式,這類資金約占財(cái)政支農(nóng)總規(guī)模的85%,該投放形式是公益類或準(zhǔn)公益類項(xiàng)目的有效供給形式,但若用于競爭類項(xiàng)目,則會引起資金使用效率的損失�，F(xiàn)階段內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)方式存在的主要問題：一是財(cái)政直接或無償支出方式居多,間接或有償方式應(yīng)用范圍有限；二是財(cái)政支農(nóng)方式缺乏層次；三是財(cái)政支出方式僵化,缺乏動態(tài)調(diào)整。根據(jù)財(cái)政支出方式選擇理論,政府對農(nóng)村純公共產(chǎn)品的供給應(yīng)采取全部支出的方式；對準(zhǔn)公共產(chǎn)品的供給應(yīng)采取“政府+市場”的支出方式。農(nóng)村準(zhǔn)公共產(chǎn)品的供給可以根據(jù)其外部性效益大小確定財(cái)政支出的比重,通常情況下,外部效益越廣泛,財(cái)政需要支出的比重越大,反之則越小。通過合理的財(cái)政支出方式和政策引導(dǎo),社會資本可以實(shí)現(xiàn)較好的政策效果,依托市場的財(cái)政支農(nóng)支出方式是大勢所趨。通過理論分析與實(shí)證研究,本課題提出了優(yōu)化內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)的政策建議：第一,通過財(cái)政支農(nóng)法律體系的建設(shè)進(jìn)一步明確規(guī)定財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模的剛性增長,逐步形成穩(wěn)定的增長機(jī)制；通過涉農(nóng)資金的整合、打捆、集中下?lián)?彌補(bǔ)財(cái)政資金分散引發(fā)的投入規(guī)模不足的問題。第二,財(cái)政支農(nóng)的結(jié)構(gòu)需要進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。補(bǔ)貼補(bǔ)助類資金需要整體增加,局部調(diào)整；大江大河治理類資金、農(nóng)業(yè)科研推廣培訓(xùn)類資金、非生產(chǎn)性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)要進(jìn)一步加大投資力度,提高投入比重；生產(chǎn)性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營類投入則需要穩(wěn)定投入比重,引導(dǎo)社會資本的投入；行政事業(yè)費(fèi)類投入需要精簡行政機(jī)構(gòu),降低投入比重。第三,在選擇財(cái)政支農(nóng)的具體方式之前,需要根據(jù)各地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)主體功能確定區(qū)域財(cái)政支農(nóng)方向和重點(diǎn)。進(jìn)一步明確“三農(nóng)”項(xiàng)目的公共產(chǎn)品屬性,對公益性和準(zhǔn)公益性項(xiàng)目繼續(xù)采取無償全部或大部分支出的方式,對競爭性項(xiàng)目的供給需創(chuàng)新財(cái)政支出方式,凸顯出財(cái)政支農(nóng)資金的引導(dǎo)作用,撬動社會資本的投入。第四,在對內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)財(cái)政支農(nóng)的規(guī)模、結(jié)構(gòu)、投入方式優(yōu)化的同時,自治區(qū)政府相關(guān)管理部門還需要完善農(nóng)村牧區(qū)金融體系結(jié)構(gòu)、加大對新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體的扶持力度、明確政府與市場的合理分工、拓展財(cái)政支農(nóng)的支持范圍。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is a basic industry, which is related to the stable operation of the national economy. The weak quality of the agricultural industry and the property of the public products determine that the government needs to carry out the necessary policy support and fund guarantee. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an important agricultural and livestock product in our country to produce, export and process the base land. In recent years, its finance is used for the funds of "three rural". The total expenditure is increasing year by year, and the scope of expenditure is more and more extensive, covering the comprehensive agricultural development, poverty alleviation, rural education, agricultural scientific research and promotion, rural pastoral infrastructure construction, rural medical security and rural culture. However, the autonomous region still exists in the financial support for agriculture and financial support for agriculture and the policy of supporting agriculture. The policy of supporting agriculture is not clear, relatively small, low investment, poor management, unreasonable distribution and lack of effective system supervision. At the same time, with the development of the economy into a new normal situation, the growth of financial income is slowing down, the pressure of financial support for agricultural growth is highlighted, and how to play the role of financial guidance, pry and multiplier needs to be studied in depth. On the basis of the optimal scale theory of financial support for agriculture, this topic evaluates the scale of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region financial supporting agriculture in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by using the Barrow's K model. The structure of the financial support for agriculture in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is evaluated on the basis of the theory of welfare economics, based on the grey relational degree method, and the case analysis is based on the theory of public product supply. The method of financial support for agriculture in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is evaluated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the financial support for agriculture in China has been adjusted to a large extent. At the present stage, the state financial support for agriculture is focused on the support of the producers, which accounts for about 90% of the total input of financial support to agriculture, and about 10% of the funds are invested in the general service support. In the support of the subsidy, 79.3% of the funds are used to support the price of agricultural products. In the general service support, about 36.7% of the funds are used for the construction of agricultural infrastructure and 28.5% of the funds are used in the construction of agricultural science and technology system. In contrast with the developed countries, the financial support structure of our country converge to the change of the world financial support structure. At present, the source of financial support for agriculture in China mainly comes from the input of central finance and local finance. Among them, the local financial input accounts for more than 96% of the total investment scale, while the central financial input is less than 4%., and the author finds that the growth rate of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region financial support agriculture is significantly lower than that of the national financial support agriculture. The overall level of the country has led to the further expansion of the scale of financial support for agriculture. According to the financial support structure divided by the direction of capital investment, the main expenditure areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region financial support agriculture are agricultural notes, forestry and water conservancy. In 2013, the investment funds accounted for 78.97% in these three fields, higher than the country's overall level of 3.28 hundred. As a whole, the proportion of expenditure in other areas is basically stable. (2) the absolute scale of financial support for agriculture in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is increasing year by year at the present stage, and the relative scale is basically stable at 12%. according to the endogenous economic growth of baro. The model, without considering the technological progress, capital investment is the main factor to promote the growth of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's agricultural economy. It shows that the stock of agricultural capital (the amount of capital assets in production at a certain point) increases by 1%, the increase in agricultural value is increased by 0.2627%, the scale of financial support is increased by 1%, and the agricultural added value is raised by 0.385. 5%. with the increase of the surplus labor force in rural areas, the role of agricultural labor force is not obvious to the development of agricultural economy. When the proportion of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's financial support to agriculture is 38.55%, the scale of financial support is the best. The gap between the actual investment and the optimal scale of agriculture is increasing year by year, and the scale of financial support for agriculture is insufficient. (3) the scale of expenditure in the support fields of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region financial support agriculture has shown an upward trend, but the growth rate fluctuates greatly, and has not formed a stable growth mechanism. On the basis of the characteristics of the diversification of agricultural policy objectives, this paper selects the quantifiable welfare indicators from the micro farm and herdsman angle and the macro rural pastoral area, and adopts the principal component analysis to construct the social general society in the rural pastoral area. The welfare index is used as an index to measure the financial support structure of the autonomous region. Through the grey relation theory, the influence of the financial support structure on the welfare index is analyzed. The result shows that the order of the influence of the financial support structure on the total welfare is that the subsidy type fund is not productive infrastructure. The fund of agricultural scientific research, scientific research, agricultural scientific research, training, training, funds, production infrastructure, funds, agricultural industrialization and management of funds, which means that there is a dislocation between the current financial support structure and the general welfare index, which needs to be based on the financial support for agriculture. The structure is optimized. (4) according to the proportion of the expenditure of the supporting agriculture, the financial support method can be divided into total expenditure and partial expenditure. The main mode of financial support for agriculture in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the total expenditure or unpaid form of expenditure allocated under the mode of project subsidy. This kind of funds accounts for about 85% of the total size of the financial support agriculture, which should be put into practice. Form is an effective supply form of public welfare or quasi public welfare projects, but if used for competitive projects, it will cause the loss of the efficiency of the use of funds. The main problems in the current stage of financial support for agriculture in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are as follows: first, the financial direct or gratuitous mode of expenditure is most, the application scope of inter connection or paid way is limited; two is the finance. The way of supporting agriculture is lack of level; three is the rigid mode of fiscal expenditure and lack of dynamic adjustment. According to the theory of fiscal expenditure, the government should take all the means of expenditure for the supply of pure public products in rural areas; the government + market should be adopted in the supply of public goods. The supply of rural quasi public goods can be based on the supply of rural quasi public goods. The size of its external benefit determines the proportion of fiscal expenditure. In general, the more extensive the external benefit is, the greater the proportion of the fiscal expenditure, the smaller. The better policy effect can be achieved by the rational financial expenditure and policy guidance, and the financial support for agricultural expenditure is the trend of the times. On the basis of analysis and empirical research, this topic puts forward the policy suggestions for optimizing the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region financial support for agriculture: first, through the construction of the financial support for agriculture legal system, the rigid growth of the scale of financial support for agriculture is further defined and a stable growth mechanism is gradually formed; through the integration, bundling and centralized allocation of agricultural funds, the financial resources are made up. Second, the structure of the financial support for agriculture needs to be further optimized. The funds for subsidized subsidies need to be increased overall, local adjustment, capital of the river and big rivers, agricultural scientific research and training funds, and the construction of non productive infrastructure to further increase investment and increase the proportion of investment. In the construction of productive infrastructure, the investment in agricultural industrialization needs to be put in a stable investment proportion and guide the investment of social capital; the investment in administrative services needs to streamline the administrative organization and reduce the proportion of investment. Third, before selecting the specific mode of financial support for agriculture, the regional financial supporting party should be determined according to the main functions of the agriculture in each region. To further clarify the public product properties of the "three rural" projects, to continue to take all or most of the public welfare and quasi public welfare projects to continue to take all or most of the expenditure, the supply of innovative financial expenditure on the supply of competitive projects, highlighting the guidance of financial support for agriculture, and prying the investment of social capital. Fourth, in Inner Mongolia At the same time, the scale, structure and input mode of the financial support for agriculture in the ancient autonomous region are optimized. The government departments of the autonomous region need to improve the financial system structure in the rural pastoral areas, increase the support for the new agricultural management bodies, make clear the rational division of labor between the government and the market, and expand the support range of the financial and political support for agriculture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F812.8

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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