基于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變的地方財政職能重新定位
本文選題:地方財政職能 + 經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式; 參考:《浙江財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:中國經(jīng)濟經(jīng)歷了30多年的高速增長,但是推動中國經(jīng)濟增長的是以政府為主導(dǎo)、以投資來拉動、以出口為導(dǎo)向的粗放型經(jīng)濟增長方式,而這種粗放型經(jīng)濟增長方式所帶來的不可持續(xù)性越來越明顯,資源能源短缺、成本上漲、生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞、收入分配差距加大、城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域不平衡顯著等對經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)平衡增長越來越制約。經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變就是要從主要依靠增加生產(chǎn)要素占用和消耗來實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟增長轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹饕揽績?yōu)化生產(chǎn)要素質(zhì)量、配置方式和提高利用效率來實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟增長,對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展程度高低的評價不再只注重數(shù)量的大小,同時關(guān)注經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)、社會民生和資源環(huán)境等等關(guān)系社會發(fā)展的方方面面。中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變呈現(xiàn)雙重性:一是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展程度由不發(fā)達到發(fā)達,由粗放型向集約型轉(zhuǎn)變;二是經(jīng)濟體制由高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟向社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制逐步轉(zhuǎn)變,在體制轉(zhuǎn)變過程中,地方財政仍然延續(xù)計劃經(jīng)濟時期的部分職能,同時,市場經(jīng)濟時期所要求的地方財政的公共職能則有所缺失,地方財政職能的“越位”、“缺位”對粗放型經(jīng)濟增長方式的形成存在緊密聯(lián)系。 從財政職能理論來說,地方財政主要履行資源配置職能,由于缺乏全局的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策和要素間的自由流動,經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定和收入分配職能較為薄弱,資源配置職能則主要是提供地方性公共品。由于特定歷史因素原因,,我國地方財政職能在履行資源配置職能過程中有所偏離,地方財政對資源配置職能的履行更多的是注重本區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的增長,忽視對本區(qū)域基本公共服務(wù)的提供,過多地干預(yù)了地方經(jīng)濟增長。由計劃經(jīng)濟體制向市場經(jīng)濟體制轉(zhuǎn)變過程中地方財政職能沒有完全隨之改變,反而在一定程度上是粗放型經(jīng)濟增長方式形成的助推手。從地方財政支出的規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出地方財政在資源配置過程中過于注重經(jīng)濟建設(shè),造成大量低質(zhì)量重復(fù)建設(shè)和低效率的投資,行政支出過高,科教文衛(wèi)事業(yè)支出不足,社會保障政策不足和對節(jié)能環(huán)保方面的忽視。所以經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變與地方財政職能的重新定位密不可分,只有重新理清政府與市場之間的關(guān)系,明確劃分地方財政職能,才能進一步理順各級政府間財政分配關(guān)系,健全公共財政體系,完善預(yù)算管理制度和稅收制度,從而構(gòu)建有利于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變的財稅體制。 本文以財政分權(quán)理論為基礎(chǔ),從理論角度探討地方財政職能的范圍,從分析我國經(jīng)濟增長方式特點以及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變內(nèi)容體系入手,實證分析我國地方財政職能“越位”、“缺位”的表現(xiàn),得出基于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變的地方財政職能定位主要有以下幾方面:(1)理順政府與市場間關(guān)系,地方政府逐步從經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域中退出,更多的是構(gòu)建地方公共財政,著重于提供公共服務(wù),促進基本公共服務(wù)的均等化;(2)在理順政府與市場關(guān)系的同時,要調(diào)整中央與地方的關(guān)系,合理劃分事權(quán),保證財力與事權(quán)的相匹配,中央政府重點履行維護政權(quán)、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會協(xié)調(diào)職能,地方政府重點履行公共服務(wù)和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展職能;(3)政府間職能的劃分還應(yīng)該包括地方各級政府之間財政職能的分工,保證基層政府財政職能的履行。
[Abstract]:China ' s economy has experienced more than 30 years of high - speed growth , but the growth of China ' s economy is driven by the government , with the export - oriented crude economic growth mode . The transformation of the mode of economic development is to realize the economic growth mainly by increasing the consumption of production factors and increasing use efficiency . The transformation of the mode of economic development is to rely mainly on optimizing the production factor quality , the collocation mode and improving the utilization efficiency to realize the economic growth .
Second , the economic system is gradually changing from the highly centralized planned economy to the socialist market economic system . In the process of institutional transformation , the local finance continues to carry out some functions of the planned economy period . At the same time , the public function of the local finance required in the market economy period is missing , the " offside " of the local finance function and the " vacancy " are closely related to the formation of the way of the gross economic growth .
From the theory of financial function , local finance mainly performs resource allocation function , because of the lack of global macroeconomic policies and the free flow between elements , the function of economic stability and income distribution is weak , and the function of resource allocation is mainly to provide local public goods .
Based on the theory of financial decentralization , this paper discusses the scope of local financial functions from the theoretical point of view . From the point of view of the characteristics of China ' s economic growth pattern and the transformation of the content system , the paper empirically analyzes the function of local finance in our country , and finds out that the local fiscal function positioning based on the transformation of the mode of economic development has the following aspects : ( 1 ) To straighten out the relationship between the government and the market , the local government gradually exits from the economic field , and more is to construct local public finance , focusing on the provision of public services and promoting the equalization of basic public services ;
( 2 ) To adjust the relationship between the central government and the local area while regulating the relationship between the government and the market , reasonably dividing the right of affairs , ensuring the matching of the financial resources and the right of affairs , the central government focuses on the function of maintaining the political power , economic development and social coordination , and the local government focuses on the implementation of public service and regional economic development functions ;
( 3 ) The division of intergovernmental functions should also include the division of financial functions between local governments at all levels and guarantee the performance of the financial functions of the grass - roots government .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:浙江財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:F812.7
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