【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,越來越多的環(huán)境污染受到人們的重視,具有保護(hù)環(huán)境和不消耗燃料特征的風(fēng)電被看作是最有前途的可再生能源之一。中國政府已經(jīng)出臺了許多政策促進(jìn)風(fēng)電的發(fā)展。然而,風(fēng)電與常規(guī)能源不同的間歇性和不可預(yù)測的特性對風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)后的調(diào)度模式提出了挑戰(zhàn)。 近年隨著中國風(fēng)電的快速發(fā)展,如何整合調(diào)度更多風(fēng)電進(jìn)入電網(wǎng),以及如何在減少溫室氣體排放量和增加經(jīng)濟(jì)成本的沖突之間做好平衡,并相應(yīng)地調(diào)整調(diào)度模式成為一個很大的挑戰(zhàn)。 本文首先研究了邊際成本理論和外部性理論,并以電力體制改革為分界線,研究了西方發(fā)達(dá)國家在電力體制改革前后的調(diào)度模式和經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示,同時研究了中國電力調(diào)度的發(fā)展過程,得出調(diào)度方式從壟斷的一體化垂直管理調(diào)度體制轉(zhuǎn)向了市場競爭調(diào)度管理體制應(yīng)該是歷史發(fā)展的趨勢。 其次,本文重點(diǎn)分析了中國的聯(lián)合調(diào)度存在的三種實(shí)際情況,第一,因?yàn)橹袊碾娫唇Y(jié)構(gòu)仍以火電為主,所以為了深度調(diào)峰,有可能需要機(jī)組啟停調(diào)峰。第二,越來越多的火電機(jī)組成為熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組,而為了保障供熱,不可能減少熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組的出力,更不可能對熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組實(shí)施停機(jī),所以必須考慮不停機(jī)情況下的調(diào)度情況。第三,水電并不能恒定出力,甚至部分地區(qū)沒有水電,所以在調(diào)度模型的構(gòu)建中也必須充分考慮水電不參與調(diào)度的情況。因此依據(jù)中國的實(shí)際情況,建立了含風(fēng)電的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境聯(lián)合調(diào)度模型。為了求解模型,本文利用了GAMS軟件平臺。GAMS是專門為線性規(guī)劃、非線性規(guī)劃、混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃、混合整數(shù)非線性規(guī)劃等優(yōu)化問題而設(shè)計的軟件平臺, 最后,本文以東北電網(wǎng)遼寧省的為算例,模擬計算了四種情況下含風(fēng)電的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境聯(lián)合調(diào)度模型的結(jié)果,結(jié)果顯示風(fēng)水火聯(lián)合調(diào)度比單獨(dú)的水火電調(diào)度在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面更優(yōu),并且說明了一個相對較好的環(huán)境改善,可以在一個相對較低的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失下完成。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, more and more people pay attention to environmental pollution. Wind power, which has the characteristics of protecting environment and not consuming fuel, is regarded as one of the most promising renewable energy sources. The Chinese government has introduced many policies to promote the development of wind power. However, the intermittent and unpredictable characteristics of wind power and conventional energy have challenged the scheduling mode of wind power grid. With the rapid development of wind power in China in recent years, how to integrate and dispatch more wind power into the grid, and how to strike a balance between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing economic costs, It is a great challenge to adjust the scheduling mode accordingly. In this paper, the marginal cost theory and the externality theory are studied, and the dispatch mode and experience of the western developed countries before and after the electric power system reform are studied with the electric power system reform as the dividing line. At the same time, the development process of electric power dispatching in China is studied, and it is concluded that it is the historical development trend that the dispatching mode has changed from the monopolistic integrated vertical management dispatching system to the market competitive dispatching management system. Secondly, this paper focuses on the analysis of the three actual conditions of China's joint dispatch. Firstly, because the power supply structure of China is still dominated by thermal power, it may be necessary to start and stop the peak-shaving for the sake of deep peak-shaving. Second, more and more thermal power units have become cogeneration units. In order to ensure heat supply, it is impossible to reduce the output of cogeneration units, let alone to shut down cogeneration units. Therefore, we must consider the scheduling situation without downtime. Thirdly, hydropower can not make a constant contribution, even in some areas there is no hydropower. Therefore, in the construction of dispatching model, the situation that hydropower does not participate in dispatching must be fully considered. Therefore, according to the actual situation in China, the combined economic environment scheduling model with wind power is established. In order to solve the model, GAMS software platform is used in this paper. GAMS is a software platform specially designed for linear programming, nonlinear programming, mixed integer nonlinear programming and other optimization problems. Taking Liaoning Province of Northeast Power Grid as an example, this paper simulates and calculates the results of the combined dispatching model of economic environment with wind power under four conditions. The results show that the combined dispatching of wind, water and fire is better than that of hydro-thermal power dispatching alone in terms of environmental protection. It also shows that a relatively good environmental improvement can be achieved under a relatively low economic loss.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.61

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