供應鏈視角下我國石油貿(mào)易海上安全風險評估及對策研究
[Abstract]:After China's entry into WTO, China's foreign economy has developed rapidly through economic cooperation and contacts with other countries, and it is developing at a rate of nearly 300% every year. At the same time, our country is in the period of rapid development and industrialization, and the demand for oil is very large. According to the statistics, more than 90% of the imports of foreign materials are realized by sea transportation. Because the current economic development of our country is based on high input and high consumption, even if our country is a large country of resources in the world, it can not meet the demand of economic development, so many strategic goods need to be purchased from the international purchasing market. Of all imported products, oil imports have the greatest impact on domestic production. In recent years, China's imports of strategic goods related to the national economy and people's livelihood have increased year by year, and the degree of dependence on foreign countries has also increased year by year. According to the data of BP World Energy Statistics Yearbook, the annual growth rate of the volume of world inter-regional crude oil trade is only 1.71% in the 2001-2011 yearbook, and the annual growth rate of China's net crude oil import volume is 13.99% in the same period. The relative dependence on crude oil imports rose from 28.2 percent in 2000 to 56.97 percent in 2012, with a sharp increase in imports. Over the past five years, the gap in net oil imports between China and the United States has dwindled. Foreign media expect China to overtake the United States as the world's largest net oil importer by late 2013 and early 2014. With the development of China's foreign trade, our country is more and more dependent on the sea. The security of our import strategic goods supply chain is seriously threatened by different risk factors, which leads to the interruption or failure of the supply chain. Seriously affected the domestic economic development. At present, the factors affecting the safety of China's oil supply chain on the sea are increasing. Can we solve the problems of "buying", "affordability" and "shipping back" when purchasing strategic goods? By analyzing the data on China's oil imports, we find that China's oil imports have a very high degree of external dependence, although in the 12th Five-Year Plan for Energy on January 25, 2013, we plan to control the external dependence of China's crude oil within 61% in 2015. But how can China meet the 2015 target, based on 59.4% of its foreign dependence in the first half of 2012? After analyzing the risk factors that affect the supply chain security of HNA, according to the fuzzy characteristics of risk assessment, this paper analyzes the diversity of material import sources and the degree of dependence on foreign countries. The process and route of marine transportation are analyzed and fuzzy evaluated, and the corresponding measures to avoid risk are put forward according to the risk factors. Through the diversification, the supply sources and suppliers are diversified. By improving the capacity of Chinese shipping companies and by improving our pricing ability in the international market to avoid risks. It is hoped that it will be beneficial to the safety of China's import of strategic goods in the future.
【學位授予單位】:中國海洋大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:F426.22;F752.61
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