【摘要】：在對外貿易中，木材貿易是相鄰國家之間的一種常見的貿易方式，依靠獨特的地理優(yōu)勢，木材貿易是對一個國家對外貿易的重要補充，而且對促進經濟發(fā)展具有重要的作用。俄羅斯已成為中國最重要的木材供應國。 運用國際貿易的相關理論，選取1992年—2012年的數據，對中國對俄羅斯木材進出口貿易的現狀和影響因素展開分析。首先分析了中俄森林資源概況、中國對俄羅斯木材貿易現狀及特點，然后系統(tǒng)、全面的分析了中國對俄羅斯木材貿易。采用文獻研究的研究方法，通過中俄貿易統(tǒng)計資料和相關的分析文章得出關于中俄木材貿易現狀及問題的結論。運用中俄木材交易的大量數據作為分析基礎，同時站在中國和俄羅斯的不同角度，具體分析了中俄木材貿易的促進和制約因素，并嘗試尋找發(fā)展中俄木材貿易的對策。 中國和俄羅斯遠東地區(qū)的地緣優(yōu)勢是很明顯的。現在在遠東地區(qū)，還有邊境口岸，比如滿洲里、綏芬河等陸路口岸，為兩國木材貿易的發(fā)展提供了便利條件。此外，中國豐富的勞動力資源也成為中俄木材貿易主要的優(yōu)勢。因此，與俄羅斯合作，并且由于中國是人口大國，勞動力很豐富，因此，可以向俄羅斯輸送大量富余的勞動力，此外，也將輸送掌握高科技的精英人才，這些人將對俄羅斯森林管理方面極其莫大的積極效果。與此同時，借助于從俄羅斯進口木材到中國，在中國境內開展木材加工和經營，既解決了俄羅斯勞動力短缺問題，也可以緩解中國這部分勞動力和技術人員過剩的問題。同時，木材貿易也在吸引外資、尋求國外合作，對俄羅斯來說是很重要的方面。擁有巨大的森林資源，已經擁有了物質基礎，利用森林這個得天獨厚的物質基礎，尋求貿易和合作開發(fā)，可以快速有效地爭取到外來資本的支持。兩國政府之間對于貿易合作特別是木材貿易多次磋商。這些都有利于中國和俄羅斯之間木材貿易的深入發(fā)展。 總之，通過將俄羅斯所擁有的木材資源借助于一定的通道輸送到中國，這樣可以讓兩個國家在經濟發(fā)展方面相得益彰。這種方式可以使得資源得到最佳的分配。有鑒于此，在借助于國家對有關方面的方針情況下，中俄兩國之間的木材貿易可以蓬勃發(fā)展，并為兩國社會經濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展帶來潛移默化的力量。然而，，我們也必須看到，在這良好的發(fā)展形勢下，也存在一些不利方面，尤其是自蘇聯解體后，作為蘇聯繼承者的俄羅斯近年來的發(fā)展前景還很不明朗，并且可以預見未來將會在木材行業(yè)出臺一些不利的方針。因此，這種情況使得人們對中國與俄羅斯在木材交易方面有所不安。然而，我們必須看到積極的一面，市場擁有一只看不見的手，它可以使得資源往最佳的方向發(fā)展，這是不以人的意志為轉移的客觀實際。因此，即便兩國在木材行業(yè)的方針會有所搖擺，但這種搖擺只是短時期的屈從于國家整體發(fā)展的需要。因此，倘使中國與俄羅斯要使木材貿易如果能夠正確引導，順利克服各種限制性因素，將會持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展下去。
[Abstract]:In foreign trade, timber trade is a common form of trade between neighboring countries. Relying on unique geographical advantages, timber trade is an important supplement to a country's foreign trade and plays an important role in promoting economic development. Russia has become China's most important timber supplier.
Based on the relevant theories of international trade and the data from 1992 to 2012, this paper analyzes the current situation and influencing factors of China's timber import and export trade to Russia. Firstly, it analyzes the general situation of Sino-Russian forest resources, the present situation and characteristics of China's timber trade with Russia, and then systematically and comprehensively analyzes China's timber trade with Russia. By using the method of literature study, this paper draws a conclusion about the present situation and problems of Sino-Russian timber trade through the trade statistics and related analysis articles between China and Russia. Based on the large amount of data of Sino-Russian timber trade, and from different angles of China and Russia, this paper analyzes the promotion and restriction factors of Sino-Russian timber trade. And try to find a way to develop Sino Russian timber trade.
The geographical advantages of China and Russia in the Far East are obvious. Now in the Far East, there are border ports, such as Manchuria, Suifenhe and other land crossings, to facilitate the development of timber trade between the two countries. In addition, China's rich labor resources have become the main advantage of Sino-Russian timber trade. Because China is a country with a large population and abundant labor force, it can send a large number of surplus labor force to Russia. In addition, it will also send elite people with high-tech skills, who will have a tremendous positive effect on forest management in Russia. Meanwhile, with the help of imported timber from Russia to China, China will be able to Send a large number of surplus labor force to Russia. The development of timber processing and management in Russia not only solves the problem of labor shortage in Russia, but also alleviates the problem of surplus labor and technical personnel in China. At the same time, timber trade is also attracting foreign investment and seeking foreign cooperation, which is an important aspect for Russia. The two governments have consulted many times on trade cooperation, especially on timber trade, which is conducive to the further development of timber trade between China and Russia.
In a word, by transferring the timber resources owned by Russia to China through certain channels, the two countries can complement each other in economic development. This way, the resources can be best allocated. However, we must also see that in this good development situation, there are also some disadvantages, especially since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia as the successor of the Soviet Union in recent years, the development prospects are still very uncertain, and can be foreseen. There will be some unfavorable policies in the timber industry in the future. Therefore, this situation makes people uneasy about the timber trade between China and Russia. However, we must see the positive side, the market has an invisible hand, it can make the resources develop in the best direction, which is not transferred by human will. Therefore, even if the policy of the two countries in the timber industry will be wavered, but this wavering is only a short period of submission to the needs of the overall development of the country.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F752.7;F426.88;F451.2

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