【摘要】：隨著人民生活水平的不斷提高，對家電產(chǎn)品的需求逐年增長。中國是一個家電生產(chǎn)大國，也是一個家電淘汰大國，每年會淘汰大量的廢舊家電，形成了數(shù)量巨大的家電廢棄物。這些家電廢棄物，不僅會污染空氣、土地，而且浪費了大量寶貴的資源。隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，資源消耗和環(huán)境污染問題越來越受到社會的關(guān)注，循環(huán)經(jīng)濟也變得越來越重要。廢舊家電再制造作為一種家電資源的循環(huán)再利用方式，越來越受到政府、企業(yè)和學者的關(guān)注。而企業(yè)實施家電再制造的關(guān)鍵在于確定合理的產(chǎn)品價格。 本文從中國家電市場上的再制造情況出發(fā)，根據(jù)博弈論相關(guān)知識，分別構(gòu)建了集中決策下的家電產(chǎn)品再制造定價模型和分散決策下的家電產(chǎn)品再制造定價模型。這些模型與以往模型的不同之處主要有：一、不確定性因素。以往構(gòu)建多為確定性模型，而該模型充分考慮到了回收市場和需求市場的隨機因素，充分體現(xiàn)了再制造過程的不確定性；二、研究對象不同。以往模型一般研究一個制造商與一個零售商，而該模型對兩個制造商與一個零售商進行研究，與現(xiàn)實更接近；三、政府調(diào)控因素。過去模型對政府因素不夠重視，而該模型充分引入了政府因素，體現(xiàn)了政府對廢舊家電市場的影響，更符合現(xiàn)實。由于模型包含隨機變量，分別運用了期望值模型和混合智能算法進行求解，得到了最優(yōu)的價格策略和最優(yōu)利潤。以家電市場上的電視機為樣本，對模型進行了數(shù)值仿真,得到了具體的價格策略和利潤值。分析了再制造成本、政府補貼等因素對制造商批發(fā)價格和利潤、對零售商的銷售價格、回收價格和利潤等的影響，得到了以下結(jié)論：一、再制造成本Cr的提高會使得零售商的銷售價格增大，會使整個系統(tǒng)的利潤呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢。當Cr大于某個值時，會使得制造商進行再制造活動變得虧本，因此制造商應(yīng)該合理控制再制造成本Cr；二、在一定范圍內(nèi)，政府提高補貼價格會激勵零售商提高回收價格，回收更多的廢舊家電，縮小在回收市場的價格競爭劣勢，也會提高再制造系統(tǒng)的整體利潤。因此政府應(yīng)該適當?shù)目刂蒲a貼數(shù)額，使得回收商既能很好的回收廢舊家電，又能很好的滿足自己的目標，，促進廢舊家電再利用市場的發(fā)展。最后對集中決策和分散決策模型進行了比較，得到了集中決策下的系統(tǒng)利潤比分散決策大，集中決策的回收價格和銷售價格較低。因此對那些分散決策的制造商和零售商來說，應(yīng)該可以存在某種方法，使得兩者的利潤都提高。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for household appliances is increasing year by year. China is a large country of household appliances production and a large number of waste household appliances are eliminated every year, forming a large number of household appliances waste. These household appliances will not only pollute the air, land, but also waste a lot of valuable resources. With the rapid development of economy, the problem of resource consumption and environmental pollution has been paid more and more attention, and circular economy has become more and more important. As a recycling method of household appliances, the remanufacture of waste household appliances has been paid more and more attention by the government, enterprises and scholars. And the key of the enterprise to implement the appliance re-manufacture is to determine the reasonable product price. Based on the situation of remanufacturing in Chinese home appliance market and the relevant knowledge of game theory, this paper sets up a remanufacturing pricing model of household appliances under centralized decision and a remanufacturing pricing model of household appliances under decentralized decision respectively. The differences between these models and previous models are as follows: first, uncertainty factors. In the past, most of the deterministic models were constructed, which fully considered the random factors of the recovery market and the demand market, and fully reflected the uncertainty of the remanufacturing process. Secondly, the research objects were different. The former model generally studies one manufacturer and one retailer, but this model studies two manufacturers and one retailer, which is closer to reality; third, government regulation factors. The past model does not pay enough attention to the government factor, but the model fully introduces the government factor, which reflects the influence of the government on the market of used household appliances, which is more in line with the reality. Because the model contains random variables, the expected value model and the hybrid intelligent algorithm are used to solve the problem, and the optimal price strategy and the optimal profit are obtained. Taking TV sets in home appliance market as samples, the model is numerically simulated, and the specific price strategy and profit value are obtained. The effects of remanufacturing cost, government subsidy and other factors on manufacturer's wholesale price and profit, on retailer's sales price, recovery price and profit are analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The increase of remanufacturing cost Cr will increase the retailer's sales price and make the profit of the whole system decline. When Cr is greater than a certain value, it causes manufacturers to lose money in remanufacturing activities, so manufacturers should control the cost of remanufacturing Cr.2. within a certain range, the government increases the subsidy price to encourage retailers to increase the recovery price. Recycling more used appliances, reducing the competitive disadvantage of price in the recycling market, will also increase the overall profits of the remanufacturing system. Therefore, the government should properly control the amount of subsidies, so that recyclers can not only recover used household appliances, but also meet their own goals, promote the development of recycling market. Finally, a comparison between centralized decision and decentralized decision model shows that the system profit under centralized decision is larger than that of decentralized decision, and the recovery price and sales price of centralized decision are lower than that of decentralized decision. So there should be a way for manufacturers and retailers to diversify their decisions and make both more profitable.
【學位授予單位】：華東交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.6

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