本文選題：氣候變化 + 碳減排��； 參考：《南京信息工程大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球氣候變化給人類的生產(chǎn)、生活帶來了嚴重的影響。本文分別通過太陽活動、人類碳排放與全球氣候變化的相關性分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：人類活動排放的以二氧化碳為主要成分的溫室氣體的快速增加是造成全球氣溫變暖的主要因素之一。因此,碳減排成為維持人類自身生存發(fā)展的重要課題。 造紙行業(yè)不僅消耗大量煤炭、石油、天然氣等一次能源,而且需要消耗大量電力這種二次能源。一次能源消耗和二次能源生產(chǎn)都會排放大量二氧化碳。隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,我國成為紙類產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和消費第一大國。生產(chǎn)的快速增長引起二氧化碳排放比例的大幅增加。 為了了解整個造紙行業(yè)二氧化碳排放情況,本文首先從微觀層面分析造紙企業(yè)生產(chǎn)工藝流程,以及流程各個環(huán)節(jié)的碳足跡。 在此基礎上,利用KAYA二氧化碳排放量計算模型和LMDI因子分解方法,進一步從宏觀層面分別從能源消耗二氧化碳排放強度、能源結構、能源利用效率、行業(yè)發(fā)展水平四方面分析影響我國造紙行業(yè)二氧化碳排放量的影響因素。結果顯示從1996到2010年,同種能源碳排放強度對二氧化碳排放量沒有顯著影響,行業(yè)發(fā)展是持續(xù)推動碳排放量增加的主要因素,而能源利用效率提高會減少碳排放量,能源結構變化波動較大,且對二氧化碳排放的影響也最大。 根據(jù)IPCC的GHG計算工具,通過對蒸汽消耗的碳排放、耗電碳排放和生物質能源碳排放三方面能源碳排放計算,基于LCA并運用流程分析法對造紙生產(chǎn)流程碳足跡進行了系統(tǒng)分析。結果顯示,我國典型制漿造紙線碳匯率不到0.76,遠遠小于1,不符合低碳造紙的要求。并通過與國外發(fā)達國家對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國造紙行業(yè)在能源消耗方面存在的問題和碳減排的空間。 在以上影響因素分析和碳足跡分析的基礎上,分別從擴大企業(yè)規(guī)模、提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度、林紙一體化、優(yōu)化原料結構、加強技術改造等方面指出了我國造紙行業(yè)發(fā)展方向與路徑,并提出了一些保障性政策建議。
[Abstract]:Global climate change has had a serious impact on human production and life. Through the correlation analysis of solar activity, human carbon emission and global climate change, this paper finds that the rapid increase of greenhouse gas with carbon dioxide as the main component of human activity is one of the main factors causing global warming. Therefore, carbon emission reduction has become an important issue to maintain the survival and development of human beings. Paper industry not only consumes a lot of primary energy, such as coal, oil and natural gas, but also needs a lot of secondary energy. Both primary energy consumption and secondary energy production emit large amounts of carbon dioxide. With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, China has become the largest country in the production and consumption of paper products. Rapid growth in production has led to a significant increase in the proportion of carbon dioxide emissions. In order to understand the carbon dioxide emissions of the whole papermaking industry, this paper firstly analyzes the process flow and the carbon footprint of each link of the process from the micro level. On this basis, using the KAYA carbon dioxide emission calculation model and LMDI factorization method, the energy consumption carbon dioxide emission intensity, energy structure and energy use efficiency are further analyzed from the macro level, Four aspects of industry development level analysis of China's paper industry carbon dioxide emissions impact factors. The results show that from 1996 to 2010, the intensity of carbon emissions from the same energy source had no significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions, and industry development was the main factor that continued to promote the increase of carbon emissions, while the improvement of energy efficiency would reduce carbon emissions. The energy structure fluctuates greatly, and the effect on carbon dioxide emission is the biggest. According to the GHG calculation tool of IPCC, the carbon footprint of papermaking process is systematically analyzed based on LCA and process analysis, through the calculation of carbon emissions from steam consumption, electricity consumption and biomass energy emissions. The results show that the carbon exchange rate of typical pulping and papermaking line in China is less than 0.76, far less than 1, which does not meet the requirements of low carbon papermaking. By comparing with the developed countries, the paper finds out the problems in energy consumption and the space of carbon emission reduction in China's paper industry. On the basis of the analysis of influencing factors and carbon footprint, this paper points out the development direction and path of China's paper industry from the aspects of expanding the scale of enterprises, increasing industrial concentration, integrating forest and paper, optimizing raw material structure, strengthening technical transformation, etc. And put forward some safeguard policy suggestions.
【學位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.83;F205

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