本文選題：異質企業(yè) + 全要素生產(chǎn)率��； 參考：《東北財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：自改革開放以來,貿易開放為我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻。隨著我國經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展和對外開放程度的不斷提高,全面系統(tǒng)的研究中國對外貿易與經(jīng)濟增長之間的關系,特別是對出口貿易與企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率之間的關系進行深入透徹的分析,是具有很強的現(xiàn)實意義的。 這些年國際貿易關于微觀企業(yè)的理論和實證研究趨于流行。此時以企業(yè)為研究對象的新新貿易理論(即異質性企業(yè)貿易理論)應運而生。作為國際貿易理論研究的前沿,異質性企業(yè)貿易理論突破性的引入了企業(yè)異質性的概念,從微觀產(chǎn)業(yè)和企業(yè)的角度來探討企業(yè)的出口決策,以及貿易出口對于企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的影響。同時企業(yè)參與到出口之后,出口也會對生產(chǎn)率產(chǎn)生影響,也就是會產(chǎn)生出口中學習的效應。 本文基于新新貿易理論的理論邏輯,利用我國工業(yè)企業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),在核算出各企業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率后,從微觀企業(yè)層面對出口行為與生產(chǎn)率關系進行全方面研究。因此本文的研究內容主要包括兩大部分,一為我國制造業(yè)企業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的核算,二為出口貿易與制造業(yè)企業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率關系的實證檢驗。 本文采取Levinsohn-Petrin的全要素生產(chǎn)率核算方法,該方法利用中間投入作為替代變量,不僅可以克服OLS法回歸帶來的同時性偏誤與選擇偏誤,還可以克服Olley-Pake方法中利用投資作為工具變量帶來的大量數(shù)據(jù)丟失問題。在對2001-2007年工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)進行篩選、匯總、調整后,運用Stata中的levpet函數(shù),模擬計算出各工業(yè)企業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率。 對全要素生產(chǎn)率與出口關系的探究主要為：基于2001-2007年面板數(shù)據(jù)我們主要檢驗了出口溢價模型、自選擇效應模型與出口學習效應,結果證明我國出口企業(yè)存在出口的生產(chǎn)率悖論,即出口企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率低于非出口企業(yè)2個百分點。自選擇效應不顯著,存在微弱的出口學習效應。不同行業(yè)企業(yè)的出口與生產(chǎn)率關系具有顯著差異。 本文主要結論為：我國制造業(yè)出口企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率比非出口企業(yè)低大約2個百分點,這種現(xiàn)象被有些學者稱為生產(chǎn)率悖論。中國企業(yè)在進行出口決策時不存在自選擇效應；中國工業(yè)企業(yè)進入國際市場后具有一定的出口學習效應。此外,在分析過程中我們還得出一些其他結論：如企業(yè)規(guī)模、利潤水平等因素對企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的作用為正,其中利潤水平對生產(chǎn)率的提升作用最大,符合一般規(guī)律認識。 本文主要創(chuàng)新點在于：1)從新新貿易理論入手,利用微觀企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)對經(jīng)濟增長與出口的關系進行探究,較之于從國家層面、省級層面或行業(yè)角度的分析更具可信賴性與指導意義,雖然數(shù)據(jù)處理更為繁瑣,但卻可以提供更為直接的事實論證；2)利用Levinsohn-Petrin (LP)法進行全要素生產(chǎn)率進行核算,可以克服OLS回歸帶來的自相關與選擇偏誤帶來的誤差：3)無論是用LP法進行TFP進行計算,還是驗證出口溢價水平、出口選擇效應及出口學習效應,本文都采用了分行業(yè)分別進行計算和回歸分析。這樣一來,首先能夠針對不同行業(yè)具有生產(chǎn)函數(shù)的條件,得到更加準確的TFP數(shù)據(jù)。其次,不同行業(yè)間出口與生產(chǎn)率可能存在不同的關系,而總體回歸很難控制行業(yè)間差異的影響,分行業(yè)回歸分析可以得到更加準確的出口和生產(chǎn)率的關系。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the opening of trade has made great contributions to the development of China's economy. With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of the degree of opening to the outside world, the relationship between China's foreign trade and economic growth is systematically studied, especially the relationship between export trade and enterprise productivity. The analysis is of great practical significance.
In these years, the theoretical and empirical research on micro enterprises is becoming popular in international trade. At this time, new trade theory (i.e., heterogeneous enterprise trade theory), which is the research object of enterprises, came into being. As the frontier of international trade theory research, heterogeneous enterprise trade theory has introduced the concept of enterprise heterogeneity breakthrough, from microcosmic production. The export decisions of enterprises and the impact of trade exports on enterprise productivity are discussed in the business and enterprise perspective. At the same time, when enterprises participate in exports, exports also have an impact on productivity, that is, the effect of learning in export.
Based on the theoretical logic of new trade theory, this paper makes full research on the relationship between export behavior and productivity from the micro enterprise level after the total factor productivity of enterprises is calculated by using the statistical data of China's industrial enterprises. The main contents of this study include two major parts, one is the total factor productivity of China's manufacturing enterprises. The second is the empirical test of the relationship between export trade and total factor productivity of manufacturing enterprises.
This paper adopts the total factor productivity accounting method of Levinsohn-Petrin. This method uses the intermediate input as an alternative variable. It can not only overcome the simultaneous errors and errors of selection caused by the regression of the OLS method, but also overcome the large amount of data loss caused by the use of investment as a tool variable in the Olley-Pake method. The data of enterprises are screened, aggregated, adjusted, and the levpet function of Stata is used to simulate and calculate the total factor productivity of various industrial enterprises.
The research on the relationship between total factor productivity and export is mainly: Based on the 2001-2007 year panel data, we mainly examine the export premium model, the self selection effect model and the export learning effect. The result proves that the export productivity paradox exists in the export enterprises of our country, that is, the productivity of the export enterprises is lower than the non export enterprise 2 percentage points. The selection effect is not significant, and there is a weak export learning effect. The relationship between export and productivity of different industries has significant differences.
The main conclusion of this paper is that the productivity of China's manufacturing export enterprises is about 2 percentage points lower than that of non export enterprises. This phenomenon has been called productivity paradox by some scholars. Chinese enterprises do not have self selection effect when they make export decisions; Chinese industrial enterprises have a certain export learning effect after entering the international market. Besides, the Chinese enterprises have a certain effect on export learning. In the process of analysis, we also draw some other conclusions: such as enterprise scale, profit level and so on, the effect of the profit level on productivity is positive, and the profit level has the greatest effect on productivity, which is in line with the general rule.
The main innovation points of this article are as follows: 1) starting with the new new trade theory, using the micro enterprise data to explore the relationship between economic growth and export, compared with the national level, the analysis of provincial level or industry angle is more credible and guiding significance. Although the data processing is more complicated, it can provide more direct fact theory. Certificate; 2) using the Levinsohn-Petrin (LP) method to calculate the total factor productivity, we can overcome the error caused by the autocorrelation and the choice error brought by the OLS regression: 3) whether it is to use the LP method to calculate the TFP, or to verify the export premium level, the export selection effect and the export learning effect. In this way, we can get more accurate TFP data for different industries with production functions. Secondly, there may be different relations between export and productivity among different industries, and the overall regression is difficult to control the impact of inter industry differences, and the regression analysis of the industry can get more accurate export. The relationship with productivity.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F224;F752.62;F424

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