本文選題：稀土資源 + 生態(tài)補償　； 參考：《江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著對稀土資源高消耗的依賴，我國加大了對稀土資源的開采規(guī)模，不僅導(dǎo)致了稀土資源儲量逐漸減少乃至枯竭，還給本來脆弱的稀土礦區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來了嚴重破壞。稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展與環(huán)境日益惡化的矛盾促使資源環(huán)境問題備受關(guān)注，作為能夠有效解決上述矛盾的方法之一，生態(tài)補償越來越受到社會各界的廣泛重視。因此，在這樣的大背景下，試圖以稀土資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為切入點進行研究，這無論對建立稀土礦山生態(tài)補償機制，還是對稀土資源開發(fā)過程中造成的生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞的控制都意義非凡。 在國內(nèi)外關(guān)于生態(tài)補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相關(guān)文獻研究的基礎(chǔ)上，系統(tǒng)分析了稀土資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補償?shù)慕?jīng)濟學(xué)理論依據(jù)，稀土資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補償?shù)幕纠碚摪ㄉ鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能理論、外部性理論、生態(tài)資本理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論，這些理論要求在稀土資源開發(fā)過程中要加強對稀土資源的生態(tài)補償。同時界定了稀土資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補償與生態(tài)補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的概念，全面分析了贛州市稀土資源開發(fā)過程中三種不同工藝(池浸、堆浸與原地浸礦)造成的環(huán)境污染與生態(tài)破壞狀況，總結(jié)分析了目前各種環(huán)境經(jīng)濟損失評估具體方法的優(yōu)缺點、適用范圍，從理論上建立了相應(yīng)的評估方法體系。根據(jù)生態(tài)補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)費用的組成，將費用分為生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)成本、環(huán)境破壞損失、社會經(jīng)濟狀況補償三部分，并確定了稀土資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的區(qū)間，即補償?shù)纳舷孪蓿孩倩谏鷳B(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)成本確定補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)－補償下限，包括土地恢復(fù)治理費用、尾砂治理費用、植被恢復(fù)費用與廢水治理費用四項內(nèi)容；②基于生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞損失確定補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)－補償上限，包括土地恢復(fù)治理費用、尾砂治理費用、植被恢復(fù)費用、廢水治理費用、農(nóng)業(yè)作物損失、人體健康損失、植被減少釋養(yǎng)量損失、水土流失治理成本、社區(qū)發(fā)展機會損失九項內(nèi)容。最后，以上述研究結(jié)論為依據(jù)，提出完善贛州市稀土資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建議與保障措施。 作為稀土資源領(lǐng)域生態(tài)補償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的理論性研究，，本文的研究成果可為我國贛州和其他地區(qū)稀土資源開發(fā)生態(tài)補償機制建立和有效實施提供一些科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the dependence on the high consumption of rare earth resources, China has increased the scale of exploitation of rare earth resources, which not only led to the gradual reduction and even depletion of rare earth resources reserves, but also brought serious damage to the fragile ecological environment of rare earth mining areas. The contradiction between the rapid development of rare earth industry and the worsening environment makes the problem of resources and environment pay more and more attention. As one of the effective methods to solve these contradictions, ecological compensation has been paid more and more attention by all walks of life. Therefore, under such a background, this paper attempts to study the ecological compensation standard of rare earth resources development, regardless of whether the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism of rare earth mines, It is also of great significance to control the ecological environment damage caused by rare earth resources development. Based on the research on ecological compensation standards at home and abroad, the economic theoretical basis of ecological compensation for the exploitation of rare earth resources is systematically analyzed. The basic theory of ecological compensation for rare earth resources development includes the theory of ecosystem service function. The theories of externality, ecological capital and public goods require that the ecological compensation of rare earth resources should be strengthened in the process of developing rare earth resources. At the same time, the concept of ecological compensation and ecological compensation standard for the exploitation of rare earth resources is defined, and the environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by three different processes (pool leaching, heap leaching and in-situ leaching) in the development of rare earth resources in Ganzhou are analyzed. This paper summarizes and analyzes the merits and demerits and the applicable scope of various concrete methods for environmental and economic loss assessment at present, and sets up the corresponding evaluation method system theoretically. According to the composition of the standard cost of ecological compensation, the cost is divided into three parts: the cost of ecological environment restoration, the loss of environmental damage, and the compensation of social and economic conditions, and the interval of ecological compensation standard for the exploitation of rare earth resources is determined. That is to say, the upper and lower limit of compensation is determined based on the cost of ecological environment restoration, which includes land restoration cost, tailings treatment cost, vegetation restoration cost and waste water treatment cost. (2) based on the loss of ecological environment, the upper limit of compensation should be determined, including the cost of land restoration and treatment, the cost of tailings management, the cost of vegetation restoration, the cost of wastewater treatment, the loss of agricultural crops, the loss of human health. The vegetation reduces the loss of nutrient release, the cost of soil and water loss control, and the community development opportunity loss. Finally, based on the above conclusions, the suggestion and safeguard measures of improving the ecological compensation standard for rare earth resources exploitation in Ganzhou City are put forward. As a theoretical study of the ecological compensation standard in the field of rare earth resources, the research results in this paper can provide some scientific basis for the establishment and effective implementation of the ecological compensation mechanism for the development of rare earth resources in Ganzhou and other regions of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X37;F426.1

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