本文選題：煤電之爭(zhēng) + 電煤市場(chǎng)　； 參考：《長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：2002年火力發(fā)電用煤市場(chǎng)化改革以后，電煤價(jià)格持續(xù)大幅度上漲，火電企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難甚至虧損，并導(dǎo)致電力供應(yīng)短缺的現(xiàn)象被形象地稱為“煤電之爭(zhēng)”，理順煤電價(jià)格關(guān)系也因此成為近年來(lái)政府經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的重點(diǎn)工作之一。 本文從分析“煤電之爭(zhēng)”的本質(zhì)及其對(duì)發(fā)電企業(yè)和社會(huì)的影響入手，運(yùn)用微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)市場(chǎng)均衡理論解釋了“煤電之爭(zhēng)”產(chǎn)生的根本原因。研究結(jié)果表明：電煤市場(chǎng)失靈即電煤供求不能隨著市場(chǎng)均衡價(jià)格變化而調(diào)整從而形成價(jià)格穩(wěn)定機(jī)制是電煤價(jià)格持續(xù)大幅度上漲并導(dǎo)致“煤電之爭(zhēng)”的根本原因；“煤電之爭(zhēng)”表面上是煤炭和電力行業(yè)（企業(yè)）之爭(zhēng)，實(shí)際上卻是政府經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)目標(biāo)與電價(jià)政策選擇的內(nèi)在沖突。 我國(guó)電源結(jié)構(gòu)以火電為主，考慮到火電企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難對(duì)電力供應(yīng)的消極影響，發(fā)電集團(tuán)需要系統(tǒng)地制定經(jīng)營(yíng)策略來(lái)化解“煤電之爭(zhēng)”對(duì)其造成的虧損。由于目前政府在處理“煤電之爭(zhēng)”的政策上存在管制缺失，雖然先后頒布了一系列管制政策和措施，但始終無(wú)法從根本上化解煤電矛盾。因此本文將政府政策因素納入到發(fā)電集團(tuán)經(jīng)營(yíng)策略制定框架中來(lái)，將其作為發(fā)電集團(tuán)經(jīng)營(yíng)策略制定的一個(gè)內(nèi)生變量。發(fā)電集團(tuán)首先應(yīng)該從政府政策上入手給政府提出切實(shí)可行的政策建議。建議順序采用以下三條：首先盡可能完善電煤市場(chǎng)；其次對(duì)電煤市場(chǎng)采取必要的管制措施；仍然不能解決的燃料成本增加則需要啟動(dòng)煤電價(jià)格聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制。在政府政策合理的前提條件下，發(fā)電集團(tuán)還需要從自身做文章，積極采取一些內(nèi)部管理經(jīng)營(yíng)策略應(yīng)對(duì)“煤電之爭(zhēng)”，這些策略包括煤電聯(lián)營(yíng)、統(tǒng)一購(gòu)煤、多元化經(jīng)營(yíng)以及優(yōu)化電源結(jié)構(gòu)等。這樣形成了一套完整的發(fā)電集團(tuán)化解“煤電之爭(zhēng)”的經(jīng)營(yíng)策略體系，，不僅為我國(guó)發(fā)電集團(tuán)從根本上扭轉(zhuǎn)火電業(yè)務(wù)虧損提出了新的途徑，同時(shí)也為解決“電荒”，保證電力工業(yè)安全供應(yīng)提供了新的解決思路。
[Abstract]:After the market-oriented reform of coal for thermal power generation in 2002, the price of thermal coal continued to rise by a large margin, and the operation difficulties and even losses of thermal power enterprises, which led to the shortage of electricity supply, were vividly referred to as "the contention of coal and electricity".Therefore, straightening out the price relationship of coal and electricity has become one of the key tasks in the reform of government economic system in recent years.Based on the analysis of the essence of "the contention of coal and electricity" and its influence on the power generation enterprises and society, this paper explains the root cause of "the contention of coal and electricity" by using the market equilibrium theory of microeconomics.The results show that the failure of power coal market, that is, the supply and demand of power coal can not be adjusted with the change of market equilibrium price, thus forming the price stability mechanism is the fundamental reason for the price of thermal coal to continue to rise by a large margin and lead to the "coal power competition".On the surface, "the contention of coal and electricity" is the conflict between coal and power industry (enterprise), but in fact, it is the internal conflict between the economic and social goal of government and the policy choice of electricity price.The power supply structure of our country is dominated by thermal power. Considering the negative influence of power supply caused by the difficulties of thermal power enterprises, power generation groups need to formulate management strategies systematically to resolve the losses caused by "the contention of coal and electricity".Because of the lack of control in the policy of dealing with the "dispute over coal power", the government has promulgated a series of control policies and measures, but it has never been able to fundamentally resolve the contradiction between coal and electricity.Therefore, this paper takes the government policy factor into the framework of power generation group management strategy formulation, and regards it as an endogenous variable of generation group business strategy formulation.The power generation group should first put forward practical policy suggestions to the government from the government policy.It is suggested that the order should be as follows: first, to perfect the power coal market as far as possible; secondly, to take necessary control measures to the thermal coal market; the increase of fuel cost which can not be solved needs to start the coal-electricity price linkage mechanism.Under the premise of reasonable government policy, the power generation group also needs to actively adopt some internal management and management strategies to deal with the "coal and electricity disputes" from its own perspective. These strategies include coal and power joint ventures and unified coal purchase.Diversification and optimization of power supply structure.This has formed a complete business strategy system for power generation groups to resolve the "dispute over coal and electricity", which not only provides a new way for our power generation groups to fundamentally reverse the losses of thermal power business, but also solves the "electricity shortage".It provides a new solution to ensure the safe supply of electric power industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F274;F426.61

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