本文選題：低碳壁壘　切入點：木質(zhì)林產(chǎn)品　出處：《江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當前全球氣候變暖引起的環(huán)境問題日益受到人們重視的同時，森林作為減緩全球氣候變暖的重要載體，也在日益受到社會的廣泛關(guān)注。環(huán)境保護主義者主張通過采取一系列貿(mào)易保護的措施來達到環(huán)境保護的目的，維護人類社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。但隨著貿(mào)易自由化的深入發(fā)展，關(guān)稅壁壘不斷降低、傳統(tǒng)非關(guān)稅壁壘受到嚴格限制，所以一些以環(huán)境保護為由采取的貿(mào)易限制措施就逐漸演變成為貿(mào)易的新壁壘，這些措施對林產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易正在產(chǎn)生重大而深遠的影響。 近些年來，中國由一個林產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的小國上升為世界林產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易第二大國，在世界林產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易中扮演重要的角色，但中國林產(chǎn)品出口屢屢受到各國貿(mào)易保護措施的阻礙。盡管這些年，中國不斷給予林產(chǎn)品出口企業(yè)鼓勵和優(yōu)惠政策，諸如減免和降低了大部分林產(chǎn)品出口關(guān)稅和提高了林產(chǎn)品的出口退稅等，但是諸如森林認證，雷斯法案等相關(guān)標準的不斷出臺和提高，抬高了林產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易企業(yè)的出口成本，對這些企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展構(gòu)成巨大的威脅。 本文從應(yīng)對全球氣候變化的行動、森林的碳匯作用這一背景梳理了低碳壁壘的主要內(nèi)容，并對這些壁壘在WTO規(guī)則下的合法性進行了探討，同時闡述了其對世界林產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上，從靜態(tài)和動態(tài)效應(yīng)兩個角度，深入探討了這些壁壘對中國木質(zhì)林產(chǎn)品出口的影響。從靜態(tài)看，發(fā)達國家實施的低碳壁壘會從價格和數(shù)量以及社會福利三個方面對中國木質(zhì)林產(chǎn)品出口形成了控制效應(yīng)。從動態(tài)看，采取有關(guān)的低碳貿(mào)易壁壘實質(zhì)上是一個動態(tài)的博弈過程，中國林產(chǎn)品出口時面臨發(fā)達國家技術(shù)壁壘不斷提高的威脅，突破和跨越的主要途徑，就是要不斷加強技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，，不斷創(chuàng)造出高科技含量和附加值的產(chǎn)品，縮小與發(fā)達國家技術(shù)差距，培養(yǎng)林產(chǎn)品的國際競爭優(yōu)勢。本文還選取美國甲醛釋放量標準作為衡量低碳貿(mào)易壁壘的標準，定量分析了美國甲醛釋放量標準的提高對中國人造板出口的影響，認為，美國的貿(mào)易措施對中國人造板出口產(chǎn)生了嚴重的抑制作用，從而證明動態(tài)影響的存在。最后，本文力求從政府和企業(yè)兩個層面，提供解決和應(yīng)對國外林業(yè)低碳壁壘的可行性策略。
[Abstract]:The environmental problems caused by the current global warming is increasingly paid attention to at the same time, the forest as an important carrier to slow global warming, but also in the increasingly widespread concern in society. Environmentalists claim by taking a series of trade protection measures to achieve the purpose of environmental protection, maintaining the sustainable development of human society. But with the the further development of trade liberalization, tariff barriers continue to decrease, the traditional non-tariff barriers are strictly limited, so some take the reason of environmental protection trade restrictions have evolved into new barriers to trade, these measures are to have a far-reaching impact on forest products trade.
In recent years, Chinese rose from a small country of trade in forest products trade of forest products in second world country, play an important role in the world trade in forest products, but China exports of forest products is often subject to national trade protection measures which. Although these years, Chinese constantly to forest products export enterprises to encourage and preferential policies, such as relief and reduce export tariffs for most forest products and improve the forest products export tax rebate, but such as forest certification, Lacey Act and other relevant standards has been introduced and improved, raise the forest products trade enterprises export cost, the survival and development of these enterprises pose a huge threat.
This article from the action of climate change, forest carbon sink this background, summarizes the main content of low carbon barriers, and the legitimacy of these barriers under the rules of WTO are discussed, and expounds its influence on world trade in forest products. On this basis, from two aspects of static and dynamic effect and discusses the effects of these barriers on China wood forest product exports. From the view of static state, low carbon barriers implemented in developed countries from the price and quantity as well as the social welfare in three aspects on the export of Chinese wood products formed a control effect. From a dynamic perspective, take the essence of low carbon trade barrier on the game process a dynamic, technical barriers of developed countries face the increasing threat Chinese forest products exports, the main way to breakthrough and leap, is to continue to strengthen technological innovation, continue to create high technology content The amount and value-added products, narrow the technology gap with developed countries, cultivation of forest products international competitive advantage. This paper also select the formaldehyde emission standards as a measure of the low carbon trade barrier standards, analyze the influence of the United States, formaldehyde emission standards to improve the export of Chinese wood-based panels that are exported to the United States trade measures the Chinese panel inhibited serious, which proves that the dynamic effect exists. Finally, this article from the two levels of government and enterprises, provide the feasible strategy to solve and deal with foreign forestry low carbon barriers.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F752.02;F426.88

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