本文選題：以用戶為中心　切入點(diǎn)：新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化已經(jīng)成為顧客和企業(yè)不得不面對(duì)的難題。在全球化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不斷加劇的同時(shí)，企業(yè)也越來(lái)越重視新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)，以提高市場(chǎng)份額和盈利。在新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的過(guò)程中，如何對(duì)富含價(jià)值的信息進(jìn)行定位和轉(zhuǎn)化存在很大的困難，處理不慎則有可能導(dǎo)致新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的失敗，因此存在較高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 以用戶為中心的新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)致力于使產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)能較好地滿足顧客需求，從而提高新產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，降低失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，設(shè)計(jì)師需要對(duì)顧客需求進(jìn)行清晰了解和定位，并提供合適的解決方案，將顧客需求和產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行良好的對(duì)接。 在傳統(tǒng)的新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)流程中，常常使用質(zhì)量機(jī)能展開(kāi)的方法，以質(zhì)量屋的形式將顧客需求轉(zhuǎn)化為設(shè)計(jì)需求。為了提高度量的精確度，層次分析法可以用于確定用戶需求的相對(duì)權(quán)重。但是，目前的相關(guān)研究均具有一定的局限性。 首先，質(zhì)量機(jī)能展開(kāi)的初始數(shù)據(jù)往往來(lái)源于訪談、顧客投訴、甚至是設(shè)計(jì)小組人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)所得，這些定量的數(shù)據(jù)通常因主觀且不精確而為人所詬病，因?yàn)閷?duì)設(shè)計(jì)師而言用戶的需求仍然是籠統(tǒng)和模糊的。其次，在運(yùn)用層次分析法確定相對(duì)權(quán)重的過(guò)程中，往往沒(méi)有考慮人在進(jìn)行判斷時(shí)的不確定性，或者考慮了不確定性，卻無(wú)法保證成對(duì)對(duì)比矩陣的正反性。最后，大多數(shù)針對(duì)新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)的研究局限于原型開(kāi)發(fā)這一步，而實(shí)際上新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)是一個(gè)迭代的過(guò)程，用戶的反饋有利于檢測(cè)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的問(wèn)題并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的改善。 本文提出了一種系統(tǒng)的以用戶為中心的新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)流程方法。該方法將人物角色創(chuàng)建、層次分析法、質(zhì)量機(jī)能展開(kāi)和可用性測(cè)試進(jìn)行了有機(jī)的整合。首先，通過(guò)基于模糊聚類的人物角色創(chuàng)建，，將用戶的典型行為和動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行識(shí)別和歸納；然后從人物角色模型中抽取用戶需求的相關(guān)信息，并使用半模糊的層次分析法對(duì)需求的權(quán)重進(jìn)行確認(rèn)；通過(guò)質(zhì)量機(jī)能展開(kāi)的方法，可以將排序后的用戶需求轉(zhuǎn)化為可衡量的實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)需求；最后，在產(chǎn)品原型開(kāi)發(fā)完成后，使用基于場(chǎng)景的可用性測(cè)試方法評(píng)估產(chǎn)品的可用性，為產(chǎn)品的改善提供建議。上述的流程可以經(jīng)過(guò)多次迭代，直到產(chǎn)品能更好地滿足用戶的需求，并有良好的可用性。 最后，本文以深圳某公司的新型運(yùn)動(dòng)耳機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目為例，對(duì)本文所提出的以用戶為中心的新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)流程進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證和說(shuō)明。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and technology, product homogenization has become a difficult problem that customers and enterprises have to face. As the globalization competition intensifies, enterprises pay more and more attention to the development of new products. In order to increase market share and profit, it is very difficult to locate and transform the valuable information in the process of new product development, and careless treatment may lead to the failure of new product development, so there is a high risk. User-centered new product development aims at making product design better meet the needs of customers, thereby enhancing the competitive advantage of new products and reducing the risk of failure. Designers need to clearly understand and position customer needs and provide appropriate solutions to better match customer requirements with product design. In the traditional new product development process, the method of quality function expansion is often used to transform customer demand into design requirement in the form of quality room. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) can be used to determine the relative weight of user needs. First, the initial data for quality performance are often derived from interviews, customer complaints, and even the experience of design team personnel, which are often criticized for being subjective and imprecise. Second, the use of AHP to determine relative weights often does not take into account the uncertainty of the person in the judgment, or the uncertainty. Finally, most research on new product development is limited to this step of prototype development, when new product development is actually an iterative process. User feedback is helpful for detecting existing product problems and improving them accordingly. In this paper, a systematic user-centered new product development process method is proposed. The method integrates personas creation, AHP, quality function deployment and usability testing organically. By creating personas based on fuzzy clustering, the typical behavior and motivation of users are identified and induced, and the relevant information of user requirements is extracted from persona model. Using semi-fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to confirm the weight of demand; through the method of quality function expansion, we can transform the ordered user requirements into measurable actual design requirements; finally, after the product prototype development is completed, Using the scenario based usability test method to evaluate the usability of the product and provide suggestions for the improvement of the product. The above process can go through many iterations until the product can better meet the needs of the user and has good usability. Finally, taking the new sports headset design project of a company in Shenzhen as an example, this paper verifies and explains the user-centered new product development process proposed in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F426.63;F273.2

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