發(fā)布時間：2018-01-27 04:05

  本文關鍵詞： 跨國公司 產業(yè)集群 中國汽車　出處：《吉林大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：產業(yè)集群現(xiàn)象由來已久，國內外研究者的研究重點一直放在中小企業(yè)集群上。然而，近些年來，隨著經濟全球化和區(qū)域一體化的發(fā)展，集群區(qū)域不再是封閉性的地方體系，跨國公司作為世界經濟活動的重要組織者，是集群區(qū)域和外界聯(lián)系的紐帶。中國汽車產業(yè)集群的形成和發(fā)展同樣與跨國公司的作用機制密不可分。跨國汽車公司以合資或獨資的方式參與到中國不同區(qū)位汽車產業(yè)的發(fā)展中來，為汽車產業(yè)引入了大量的資本、人才、技術知識和管理經驗，帶動了上下游企業(yè)的協(xié)同發(fā)展，促進了產業(yè)規(guī)模、產品體系、市場競爭格局的優(yōu)化升級；同時，由于跨國公司的整體戰(zhàn)略是基于全球化的發(fā)展視角，有時會置中方利益于不顧，牢牢把控核心技術和市場，使中國汽車企業(yè)在競爭中處于不利地位。因此，中國汽車產業(yè)集群應該正視跨國公司正反兩方面的影響，在積極引導跨國公司來華投資建廠、謀求合作共進的同時，加強對引進技術的消化吸收，在與跨國公司的合作與競爭中占據主動地位，走出一條適合自身良性發(fā)展的正確道路。 在借鑒了國內外相關研究的基礎上，本文將理論問題和實際情況相結合，分為五個部分系統(tǒng)闡述了跨國公司對中國汽車產業(yè)集群的影響機制。 第一部分是跨國公司對東道國產業(yè)集群影響的理論分析。作者從產業(yè)集群和跨國公司兩個角度來分析這種影響。一方面，對產業(yè)集群而言，產業(yè)集群的不同發(fā)展階段和不同類型呈現(xiàn)出不同特點，跨國公司的作用機制也有所不同；另一方面，對跨國公司而言，跨國公司所采取的戰(zhàn)略動機和進入方式的不同，同樣會對產業(yè)集群產生區(qū)別性的作用機制。這一部分的分析是后文探討實際問題的理論基礎。 第二部分是跨國公司對中國汽車產業(yè)集群的進入情況分析。首先是對中國汽車產業(yè)集群的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及特點的介紹，指出了中國汽車產業(yè)集群的階段性和類型性特點；然后系統(tǒng)分析了跨國公司的進入情況，總結出了跨國汽車公司在華的戰(zhàn)略動機與進入方式選擇。這一部分與上一部分的理論分析相互呼應，為后文具體研究跨國公司對中國汽車產業(yè)集群的影響機制提供了重要依據。 第三部分和第四部分是跨國公司對中國汽車產業(yè)集群的影響情況分析。作者從正面影響、負面影響兩方面分別予以闡釋。第三部分從三個方面深入淺出地分析了跨國公司對中國汽車產業(yè)集群的正面影響：一是跨國公司通過自身的示范帶動作用，為中國汽車產業(yè)集群的要素集聚和產業(yè)聯(lián)動提供動力；二是跨國公司發(fā)揮技術外溢作用，帶動中國汽車產業(yè)集群的技術進步和科研能力的提高；三是跨國公司助力于產業(yè)結構調整，提升了中國汽車產業(yè)集群的規(guī)模效應，完善了其產品結構、車型體系并優(yōu)化了其市場競爭格局。接下來，第四部分列舉了跨國公司對中國汽車產業(yè)集群的負面影響，一是跨國公司對核心技術的控制限制了中國汽車產業(yè)集群的技術進步；二是跨國公司對合資企業(yè)決策權的控制使中國汽車產業(yè)集群在合資企業(yè)中陷入被動地位；三是跨國公司對汽車市場份額和利潤的控制擠占了中國汽車產業(yè)集群的發(fā)展空間。這兩部分的研究為下一部分中國汽車產業(yè)集群的路徑選擇提供了有益的參考。 第五部分是結論和政策建議。作者首先總結全篇，然后對中國汽車產業(yè)集群的發(fā)展給出了四個方面的建議：包括改善投資環(huán)境、按照產業(yè)集群的思路利用外資、加強汽車集團的推動作用以及提升自主研發(fā)能力和核心競爭力。這一部分的研究為中國汽車產業(yè)集群的發(fā)展提出了有針對性的方案，具有一定的指導意義。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處體現(xiàn)在：第一，引入跨國公司這個研究對象來分析產業(yè)集群問題，視角新穎；第二，從產業(yè)集群角度和跨國公司角度兩方面出發(fā)，分析跨國公司對產業(yè)集群的影響，理論分析系統(tǒng)且全面；第三，理論與實踐相結合，根據中國汽車產業(yè)集群的具體情況，，有針對性地提出了中國汽車產業(yè)集群發(fā)展的政策建議，具有指導意義。 本文的不足之處體現(xiàn)在：第一，本文以定性分析為主，定量分析較少，對問題的研究不夠深入；第二，在運用數(shù)據和資料分析實際問題時，由于條件有限，搜集的數(shù)據和資料不夠全面。
[Abstract]:Industrial cluster is a long-standing phenomenon, the research focus of domestic and foreign researchers have been placed in the cluster of small and medium enterprises. However, in recent years, with the development of economic globalization and regional integration, cluster region is no longer closed system, multinational companies as an important organizer of world economic activities, is the link of clusters and the outside world are inseparable. The mechanism of formation and development of China automobile industry cluster as transnational corporations. Multinational auto companies to joint ventures to participate in the development of automobile industry in China different location, the introduction of a large number of capital, for the automotive industry talent, technical knowledge and management experience, promote coordinated development of the upstream and downstream enterprises, promote the scale of the industry, product system, optimization and upgrading of the market competition pattern; at the same time, due to the overall strategy of transnational corporation is based on the globalization From the perspective of development, sometimes ignore China's interests, firmly in control of core technology and market, the China automobile enterprises at a disadvantage in the competition. Therefore, Chinese automobile industry cluster should face two effects of multinational companies and, in actively guide the investment of multinational companies in China and build factories, to seek cooperation together at the same time, to strengthen the absorption of the imported technologies, occupy the active position in the competition and cooperation with multinational corporations, find out a right way for its healthy development.
On the basis of related research both at home and abroad, this paper combines theory with practice and divides into five parts. It systematically expounds the influence mechanism of multinational corporations on China's automobile industry cluster.
The first part is the analysis on the influence of host industry cluster of multinational corporations. The author theory from two angles of industrial clusters and multinational corporations to analyze this effect. On the one hand, the industrial clusters, industrial clusters in different development stages and different types have different characteristics, the mechanism of multinational companies are different; the other for multinational companies, multinational corporations have taken Strategic Motives and entry modes are different, the same mechanism will produce the difference of industrial cluster analysis. This part is the theoretical foundation of practical problems.
The second part is the analysis of MNCs' entry to Chinese automobile industry. The first is the development status and characteristics of China automobile industry cluster introduction, pointed out the stages and types of characteristics of Chinese automobile industry cluster; then the systematic analysis of the entry of multinational companies, summed up the Strategic Motives of multinational auto companies in China and the entry mode. This part with the theoretical analysis on the part of the interaction, provides an important basis for the mechanism of the effect of the specific study of transnational corporations on China automobile industry cluster.
The third part and the fourth part is the analysis of MNCs' influences on China automobile industry cluster. From the positive influence, explain respectively two negative effects. The third part from three aspects analyzes the positive influence of transnational corporations on China automobile industry cluster: one is the multinational companies through the demonstration effect of the offer power for the agglomeration China automobile industry cluster and industry linkage; two transnational corporations play technologyspillover effect, promote technological progress and scientific research ability of Chinese automobile industry cluster to improve; three multinational corporations, help in the adjustment of industrial structure, enhance the scale effect of Chinese automobile industry cluster, improve the product structure, system models and optimize the market structure. Then, the fourth part lists the negative impact of transnational corporations on Chinese automobile industry cluster 鍝

本文編號：1467516