本文關鍵詞：中國工業(yè)環(huán)境管制的機會成本研究　出處：《華中師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 環(huán)境管制 機會成本 方向性距離函數 環(huán)境技術效率 波特假說 環(huán)境庫茨涅茨曲線

【摘要】：隨著我國經濟的高速發(fā)展,人們的物質生活水平日益提高。但是,伴隨著經濟高增長的是污染的日趨嚴重和環(huán)境的逐漸惡化。工業(yè)作為我國經濟發(fā)展的主要動力,一方面帶動了整個經濟的增長,另一方面也消耗了大量的能源,同時帶來了十分嚴重的污染。因此在這種情況下,必須通過政府的環(huán)境管制政策對工業(yè)部門的行為加以約束。而進行管制必然會增加工業(yè)部門的生產成本,短時期內使得工業(yè)部門的生產能力出現下滑。因此,傳統(tǒng)的經濟學觀點認為環(huán)境管制將會降低廠商的市場競爭力,對實施管制措施持消極態(tài)度。與此相反,波特認為：加強環(huán)境管制雖然會在短期內降低廠商的生產能力,但是從長期來看,則會迫使廠商進行技術創(chuàng)新,加強管理,從而提高廠商的生產效率,最終增強廠商的市場競爭力。波特的上述觀點被人們稱之為“波特假說”——即環(huán)境質量的提高與廠商生產率和競爭力的提高可以實現雙贏。 本文將利用非參數線性規(guī)劃方法對我國工業(yè)環(huán)境管制問題進行研究。主要的研究策略是通過比較各工業(yè)部門在有環(huán)境管制與沒有環(huán)境管制兩種不同條件下的表現,了解環(huán)境管制對我國工業(yè)部門的影響。本文選取我國37個工業(yè)行業(yè)作為研究對象,搜集了2001-2008年各工業(yè)行業(yè)相應的投入與產出數據,使用方向性距離函數方法計算出了各個行業(yè)每年的環(huán)境技術效率和技術非效率,然后根據技術非效率計算出了各個工業(yè)行業(yè)在面臨環(huán)境管制時的機會成本。本文分別對各工業(yè)行業(yè)的環(huán)境技術效率和機會成本進行了分析,并結合波特假說和環(huán)境庫茨涅茨曲線進行了論述。研究表明：(1)從靜態(tài)的角度來看,各工業(yè)行業(yè)間環(huán)境工業(yè)協(xié)調性存在著較大的差異,且總體上呈現出不協(xié)調的趨勢；(2)從動態(tài)的角度來看,我國工業(yè)總體上呈現環(huán)境技術效率逐年遞減的趨勢,且下降的趨勢逐漸放緩；(3)在工業(yè)發(fā)展進程中,絕大多數工業(yè)行業(yè)的環(huán)境技術效率變化不大,只有少數行業(yè)發(fā)生了較大變化；(4)在環(huán)境管制和無環(huán)境管制兩種條件下,我國工業(yè)的技術非效率都呈現遞增的趨勢；(5)各工業(yè)行業(yè)的環(huán)境管制機會成本差異性很大；(6)我國依然處于環(huán)境庫茨涅茨曲線的上升階段。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, people's living standards are increasing. However, with the high economic growth is gradually deteriorating and the environment pollution is becoming more and more serious. The industry as the main driving force of China's economic development, on the one hand to drive the growth of the whole economy, on the other hand also consumes a lot of energy, at the same time it brings very serious pollution. So in this case, must be restricted to industry behavior through the environmental regulation policy of the government. The industrial sector increased production cost and control must, within a short period of time so that the industrial production capacity decline. Therefore, the view of traditional environmental economics will control reduce the manufacturer's market competitiveness, the negative attitude of the implementation of control measures. On the contrary, Potter said: to strengthen environmental regulation may reduce production in the short term But, in the long run, will force manufacturers to carry out technological innovation, strengthen management, so as to improve the productivity of manufacturers, and ultimately enhance the market competitiveness of manufacturers. The idea of Potter was known as the "Potter hypothesis" - that is, the improvement of environment quality and productivity and improve the competitiveness of manufacturers can achieve a win-win situation.
This paper will study the problem of control of the environmental industry in China by using non parametric linear programming method. The main research method is through the comparison of various industrial sectors in environmental regulation and environmental regulation no two different conditions, to understand the influence of environmental regulation on the industry of China. The paper selects 37 industries as the object of study, to collect the corresponding input and output data of the industrial industry in 2001-2008, using the directional distance function method to calculate the efficiency of environmental technology and technology industries annual non efficiency, according to the technical efficiency is calculated in the face of environmental control opportunities in various industrial sectors. The cost of technical efficiency and environment respectively. The opportunity of each industry's cost are analyzed and discussed with the Potter hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets curve. The results show that: (1) from static State point of view, there are great differences between each industry environment of industrial coordination, and has an overall coordination trend; (2) from the dynamic point of view, China's industrial overall environmental technical efficiency decreasing trend, and the downward trend gradually slowed down; (3) in the process of industrial development, environmental technical efficiency changes little in most industries, changed only a few industries; (4) in environmental regulation and environmental regulation under the two conditions of China's industrial technology efficiency are showing increasing trend; (5) environmental regulation of each industry's opportunity cost difference great; (6) China is still in the environmental Kuznet curve up phase.

【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X322;F406.72;F224

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