【摘要】：有效專利是指截至報(bào)告期末專利權(quán)處于維持狀態(tài)的專利。相比于傳統(tǒng)專利指標(biāo),有效專利指標(biāo)因其更能反映出專利的質(zhì)量特征和區(qū)域創(chuàng)新能力而逐漸呈現(xiàn)出諸多優(yōu)勢(shì),具有一定的理論和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。然而作為近兩年才被納入到國民統(tǒng)計(jì)序列的新指標(biāo),有效專利尚未引起學(xué)界的廣泛關(guān)注,相關(guān)的研究性論文與著作相對(duì)缺乏。 本文在概念界定和基本理論闡釋的基礎(chǔ)上,以國家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局提供的有效專利數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù),運(yùn)用區(qū)域分布相關(guān)分析方法,從定性和定量?jī)蓚�(gè)角度展現(xiàn)了我國31個(gè)省市區(qū)及大經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)范疇的有效專利發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。借助GIS軟件對(duì)我國有效專利的數(shù)量和結(jié)構(gòu)分布進(jìn)行可視化描述,并基于有效率指標(biāo)歸納了地區(qū)有效專利發(fā)展模式,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：我國有效專利總體水平不高,以有效實(shí)用新型和外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利為主,高質(zhì)量核心專利數(shù)量不多,有效率普遍偏低；區(qū)域有效專利發(fā)展水平呈等級(jí)分布,區(qū)域發(fā)展不均衡現(xiàn)象明顯,東部地區(qū)與中西部地區(qū)差距較大而中部與西部之間差距相對(duì)較小。利用Moran指數(shù)、特化系數(shù)、專利聚集度、均衡度測(cè)算等方法,進(jìn)一步揭示我國有效專利的空間分異：我國區(qū)域有效專利發(fā)展的空間自相關(guān)性現(xiàn)象較為突出,其中上海是“高高”聚集的中心,四川則為中西部低水平地區(qū)中的“高地”；有效發(fā)明和外觀設(shè)計(jì)的地區(qū)差異較大,而有效實(shí)用新型的地區(qū)間差異則相對(duì)較��；有效發(fā)明技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢(shì)地區(qū)主要集中在北京及東南沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),中西部地區(qū)在個(gè)別領(lǐng)域具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)；從八大經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)來看,東部沿海地區(qū)有效專利實(shí)力最強(qiáng),西北地區(qū)實(shí)力最弱,南部沿海地區(qū)區(qū)域內(nèi)相對(duì)差異最明顯,東部沿海、長(zhǎng)江中游和東北地區(qū)區(qū)域內(nèi)相對(duì)差異較小。最后,本文提出從專利創(chuàng)新程度、年費(fèi)、專利收益情況和專利執(zhí)法水平四方面入手來提升區(qū)域有效專利存量,并建議從增長(zhǎng)極帶動(dòng)、區(qū)域優(yōu)勢(shì)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域和跨行政區(qū)域聯(lián)動(dòng)等方面實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域有效專利發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)與優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:A valid patent refers to a patent that is maintained at the end of the reporting period. Compared with the traditional patent index, the effective patent index gradually presents many advantages because it can better reflect the quality characteristics and regional innovation ability of the patent, and has certain theoretical and application value. However, as a new index which has only been included in the national statistical sequence in the past two years, effective patents have not yet aroused widespread concern in academic circles, and there is a relative lack of relevant research papers and works. On the basis of concept definition and basic theoretical interpretation, based on the effective patent data provided by the State intellectual property Office, this paper shows the effective patent development of 31 provinces, municipalities and economic zones in China qualitatively and quantitatively by using the method of regional distribution correlation analysis. With the help of GIS software, the quantity and structure distribution of effective patents in China are described visually, and the development mode of regional effective patents is summarized based on the efficiency index. It is found that the overall level of effective patents in China is not high, mainly effective utility model and design patents, the number of high quality core patents is not large, and the efficiency is generally low. The development level of regional effective patents is distributed at a hierarchical level, and the imbalance of regional development is obvious. the gap between the eastern region and the central and western regions is large, while the gap between the central and western regions is relatively small. By using the methods of Moran index, specialization coefficient, patent aggregation degree and equity measurement, this paper further reveals the spatial differentiation of effective patents in China: the spatial autocorrelation phenomenon of regional effective patent development in China is more prominent, in which Shanghai is the center of "high and high" accumulation, while Sichuan is the "highland" in the low level areas of the central and western regions; The regional differences of effective invention and appearance design are large, while the regional differences of effective utility models are relatively small. The dominant areas in the field of effective invention technology are mainly concentrated in Beijing and the economically developed areas along the southeast coast, and the central and western regions have certain advantages in individual fields. From the point of view of the eight economic zones, the effective patent strength of the eastern coastal area is the strongest, the northwest region is the weakest, the relative difference in the southern coastal area is the most obvious, and the relative difference in the eastern coastal area, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the northeast region is relatively small. Finally, this paper puts forward to improve the regional effective patent stock from four aspects: the degree of patent innovation, annual fee, patent income and patent enforcement level, and suggests that the coordination and optimization of regional effective patent development should be realized from the aspects of growth pole drive, regional advantage technology field and cross-administrative regional linkage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G306

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