現(xiàn)代科學的體制化進程及其對我國科學發(fā)展的啟示
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-17 09:38
【摘要】：在過去的三百多年里,現(xiàn)代科學的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)深刻地影響并改變著人類社會�，F(xiàn)代科學幾乎滲透到社會生活的每個角落,并以其體制化的集約規(guī)模進一步展現(xiàn)了力量,拓展了發(fā)展空間,為自身的發(fā)展創(chuàng)制了強大的制度保障�？梢哉f,現(xiàn)代科學的體制化發(fā)展,是人類文明的一大創(chuàng)舉,和學校、工廠、醫(yī)院等人類文明的基本單元一樣,科研院所等科學體制化機構(gòu),也對人類文明的進步起到了舉足輕重的重要作用。與此同時,科學的體制化進程也越來越表現(xiàn)出對制度創(chuàng)新的追求,舉凡曾在世界科學中心立足的國家,都曾經(jīng)在體制化進程中作出了自身獨特的制度貢獻,因此,要想成為下一個世界科學中心,必然要求首先在制度上取得突破,尤其在今日的“大科學”時代,科學的發(fā)展越來越依賴于制度的創(chuàng)新,制度已不僅局限在為其提供保障層面的作用,更多的重點開始關(guān)注如何有效激勵與促進科學的快速發(fā)展。 立足于此,本文首先對科學體制化的概念進行了理論與實踐的分析,在對現(xiàn)代科學體制化進程整體把握的基礎(chǔ)上,以“現(xiàn)代科學的始祖”——英國皇家學會為例,深入剖析了現(xiàn)代科學體制化的微觀機制,同時也分析了我國科學體制化進程的現(xiàn)狀及其存在的問題,結(jié)合自身的歷史發(fā)展并與科學發(fā)達國家進行對比,探討得出一些可資吸收與借鑒的科技進步的經(jīng)驗與對策,以期為國家科技體制改革提供理論研究的初步參考。 綜合科學體制化的全球概覽與個案研究,得出了以下結(jié)論:從宏觀角度看,第一,科研模式的選擇應(yīng)符合各國不同的發(fā)展路徑;第二,制度的創(chuàng)新演繹了世界科學中心的軌跡;第三,新的利益格局促使科學與政治應(yīng)尋求一種動態(tài)的張力平衡機制。從微觀機制看;第一,經(jīng)濟的獨立保證了科學組織的自主;第二,科學機構(gòu)內(nèi)部的調(diào)整要順應(yīng)時代賦予科學組織的要求;第三,改革是踐行科學組織終極訴求的有力途徑。 以史為鑒,博采眾長,針對我國當代科學體制化的現(xiàn)狀與問題,提出了一些基本的策略建議:第一、打破科研院所之間的信息壁壘與資源障礙,實現(xiàn)人財物在國立與省屬科研機構(gòu)之間的暢通交流機制;第二、通過法律理順學術(shù)組織與權(quán)力機構(gòu)的職責劃分,最大限度地保障科學家以及高等學府的自主性;第三、充分發(fā)揮科技社團的中介組織作用,利用豐富的智力資源與信息匯聚優(yōu)勢進行高水平專業(yè)能力的拓展;第四、強化企業(yè)的自主創(chuàng)新能力,加大原始創(chuàng)新力度,以企業(yè)的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系為突破口積極構(gòu)建國家創(chuàng)新體系;第五、在進行當代科學體制化的進程中,應(yīng)注重協(xié)調(diào)推進科技管理體制的改革。
[Abstract]:In the past 300 years, the development of modern science has deeply influenced and changed human society. Modern science permeates almost every corner of social life, and further shows its strength with its intensive scale of institutionalization, expands the space for development, and creates a strong institutional guarantee for its own development. It can be said that the institutionalized development of modern science is a great innovation of human civilization. Like the basic units of human civilization, such as schools, factories, hospitals, and so on, scientific institutions such as scientific research institutes, It also plays an important role in the progress of human civilization. At the same time, the process of institutionalization of science is also more and more showing the pursuit of institutional innovation. All the countries that have established themselves in the world science center have made their own unique institutional contributions in the process of institutionalization. Therefore, In order to become the next world science center, it is necessary to make a breakthrough in the system first, especially in the era of "great science" today, the development of science depends more and more on the innovation of the system. The system is not only limited to the role of providing security for it, but also focuses on how to effectively stimulate and promote the rapid development of science. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the concept of scientific institutionalization in theory and practice, and takes the Royal Society, the ancestor of modern science, as an example, on the basis of the overall grasp of the process of institutionalization of modern science. This paper deeply analyzes the micro mechanism of the institutionalization of modern science, and also analyzes the present situation and existing problems of the process of scientific institutionalization in our country, combining with its own historical development and comparing it with the scientific developed countries. This paper probes into some experiences and countermeasures of scientific and technological progress that can be absorbed and used for reference, in order to provide a preliminary reference for the theoretical research of the reform of national science and technology system. Based on the global overview and case study of the institutionalization of science, the following conclusions are drawn: first, the choice of scientific research model should be in line with the different development paths of various countries; second, the innovation of the system deduces the track of the world science center; Third, the new interest pattern urges science and politics to seek a dynamic tension balance mechanism. From the point of view of micro mechanism, first, the independence of economy ensures the autonomy of scientific organization; second, the adjustment of scientific organization should conform to the requirements given to scientific organization by the times; third, reform is a powerful way to practice the ultimate demand of scientific organization. In view of the present situation and problems of the institutionalization of contemporary science in our country, this paper puts forward some basic strategic suggestions: first, break down the information barriers and resource barriers between scientific research institutes. To realize the smooth communication mechanism between people and property between the state and provincial scientific research institutions; Second, through the law to straighten out the division of responsibilities between academic organizations and power institutions, to maximize the protection of the autonomy of scientists and institutions of higher learning; Third, give full play to the role of the intermediary organizations of science and technology associations, and make use of the rich intellectual resources and information convergence advantages to expand the high level of professional ability; Fourth, strengthen the independent innovation ability of enterprises, increase the original innovation intensity, take the technological innovation system of enterprises as the breakthrough point to actively construct the national innovation system; Fifth, in the process of contemporary scientific institutionalization, we should pay attention to coordinate and promote the reform of science and technology management system.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G322.0
本文編號：2479002
[Abstract]:In the past 300 years, the development of modern science has deeply influenced and changed human society. Modern science permeates almost every corner of social life, and further shows its strength with its intensive scale of institutionalization, expands the space for development, and creates a strong institutional guarantee for its own development. It can be said that the institutionalized development of modern science is a great innovation of human civilization. Like the basic units of human civilization, such as schools, factories, hospitals, and so on, scientific institutions such as scientific research institutes, It also plays an important role in the progress of human civilization. At the same time, the process of institutionalization of science is also more and more showing the pursuit of institutional innovation. All the countries that have established themselves in the world science center have made their own unique institutional contributions in the process of institutionalization. Therefore, In order to become the next world science center, it is necessary to make a breakthrough in the system first, especially in the era of "great science" today, the development of science depends more and more on the innovation of the system. The system is not only limited to the role of providing security for it, but also focuses on how to effectively stimulate and promote the rapid development of science. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the concept of scientific institutionalization in theory and practice, and takes the Royal Society, the ancestor of modern science, as an example, on the basis of the overall grasp of the process of institutionalization of modern science. This paper deeply analyzes the micro mechanism of the institutionalization of modern science, and also analyzes the present situation and existing problems of the process of scientific institutionalization in our country, combining with its own historical development and comparing it with the scientific developed countries. This paper probes into some experiences and countermeasures of scientific and technological progress that can be absorbed and used for reference, in order to provide a preliminary reference for the theoretical research of the reform of national science and technology system. Based on the global overview and case study of the institutionalization of science, the following conclusions are drawn: first, the choice of scientific research model should be in line with the different development paths of various countries; second, the innovation of the system deduces the track of the world science center; Third, the new interest pattern urges science and politics to seek a dynamic tension balance mechanism. From the point of view of micro mechanism, first, the independence of economy ensures the autonomy of scientific organization; second, the adjustment of scientific organization should conform to the requirements given to scientific organization by the times; third, reform is a powerful way to practice the ultimate demand of scientific organization. In view of the present situation and problems of the institutionalization of contemporary science in our country, this paper puts forward some basic strategic suggestions: first, break down the information barriers and resource barriers between scientific research institutes. To realize the smooth communication mechanism between people and property between the state and provincial scientific research institutions; Second, through the law to straighten out the division of responsibilities between academic organizations and power institutions, to maximize the protection of the autonomy of scientists and institutions of higher learning; Third, give full play to the role of the intermediary organizations of science and technology associations, and make use of the rich intellectual resources and information convergence advantages to expand the high level of professional ability; Fourth, strengthen the independent innovation ability of enterprises, increase the original innovation intensity, take the technological innovation system of enterprises as the breakthrough point to actively construct the national innovation system; Fifth, in the process of contemporary scientific institutionalization, we should pay attention to coordinate and promote the reform of science and technology management system.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：G322.0
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