高被引科學(xué)家職業(yè)遷移與集聚現(xiàn)象研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-15 05:22
【摘要】：知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,人才是第一資源已成為世界各國(guó)的共識(shí)�？萍季⑷瞬攀侨瞬胖械馁吆皖I(lǐng)軍人,是建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家和世界一流大學(xué)的關(guān)鍵。但同時(shí)科技精英人才的稀缺性,也是世界各國(guó)共同面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。隨著全球化的發(fā)展,科技精英人才成為在全球流通的資源,各國(guó)政府和各類(lèi)高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)由此展開(kāi)了激烈的人才競(jìng)爭(zhēng)�？萍季⑷瞬诺倪w移與集聚問(wèn)題也成為了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者和管理者廣泛關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。本研究以湯姆森路透高被引科學(xué)家數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)所收錄的2430名高被引科學(xué)家為樣本,運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)歷分析法對(duì)這些高被引科學(xué)家職業(yè)發(fā)展過(guò)程中的國(guó)別遷移與機(jī)構(gòu)遷移規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析。為進(jìn)一步分析國(guó)別遷移與機(jī)構(gòu)遷移的原因,本研究還通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查工具對(duì)抽樣樣本進(jìn)行了有關(guān)職業(yè)遷移原因的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,共回收308份有效問(wèn)卷。在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法、方差分析方法、相關(guān)分析方法、回歸分析方法對(duì)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)： 在國(guó)別遷移過(guò)程中,科技精英人才職業(yè)發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段都有國(guó)別遷移情況發(fā)生,但向美國(guó)集聚的現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在其教育階段和職業(yè)發(fā)展的早期,隨后這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)。從實(shí)證分析結(jié)果來(lái)看,學(xué)士到博士階段是科技精英人才向美國(guó)集聚的主要階段,博士到初職階段科技精英人才向美國(guó)集聚的趨勢(shì)明顯減弱,最后在初職到現(xiàn)職階段,科技精英人才從美國(guó)逆向集聚到其他創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家(地區(qū))�？梢�(jiàn),科技精英人才在其國(guó)別遷移過(guò)程中,并不像已有研究所說(shuō),不斷向美國(guó)遷移與集聚,而是隨著其職業(yè)的發(fā)展,他們逐漸從美國(guó)逆向集聚到其他國(guó)家(地區(qū))。根據(jù)人力資本理論和優(yōu)勢(shì)累積理論對(duì)國(guó)別遷移的推拉力因素的分析,科技精英人才從美國(guó)逆向集聚,與其能在其他國(guó)家(地區(qū))獲得更多的個(gè)人發(fā)展與提升有關(guān)。而關(guān)于科技精英人才職業(yè)遷移原因的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果也顯示,工作環(huán)境是非常重要的影響因素。 在機(jī)構(gòu)遷移過(guò)程中,科技精英人才的確呈現(xiàn)向名校集聚的趨勢(shì),且名校主要是指在世界大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)排名(Academic Ranking of World Universities,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ARWU)中排名1-100的世界一流大學(xué)。從實(shí)證分析結(jié)果來(lái)看,學(xué)士到博士階段,ARWU排名1-100大學(xué)成為唯一一類(lèi)形成高被引科學(xué)家集聚的大學(xué)；雖然博士到初職階段,從ARWU排名1-100大學(xué)向其他類(lèi)型機(jī)構(gòu)遷移與集聚的高被引科學(xué)家人數(shù)最多,但初職到現(xiàn)職階段,高被引科學(xué)家又重新在ARWU排名1-100大學(xué)形成集聚。根據(jù)人力資本理論和優(yōu)勢(shì)累積理論的觀點(diǎn),無(wú)論是為了預(yù)期收益還是為了累積優(yōu)勢(shì),科技精英人才在其職業(yè)發(fā)展過(guò)程中,會(huì)向著優(yōu)勢(shì)機(jī)構(gòu)遷移與集聚,即使在這一過(guò)程中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)逆向集聚的現(xiàn)象,但最終還是會(huì)向優(yōu)勢(shì)機(jī)構(gòu)集聚的。因此,結(jié)合實(shí)證分析的結(jié)果可知,在已有機(jī)構(gòu)遷移研究中所述的名�；騼�(yōu)勢(shì)機(jī)構(gòu),主要是指在世界大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)排名前100的世界一流大學(xué)。 為進(jìn)一步了解能吸引科技精英人才遷移與集聚的優(yōu)勢(shì)條件,本研究對(duì)中國(guó)香港、中國(guó)臺(tái)灣、以及沙特阿拉伯集聚科技精英人才的現(xiàn)狀及原因進(jìn)行了個(gè)案分析。雖然這些國(guó)家和地區(qū)在科技精英人才集聚的模式上存在差異,但具體的集聚措施上仍舊有一些共性的特征。概況而言,這些共同的特征主要體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：政府的科研投入是集聚科技精英人才的前提條件；少數(shù)重點(diǎn)大學(xué)是科技精英人才的集聚平臺(tái)；確定合適的人才引進(jìn)目標(biāo)能加速?lài)?guó)家(地區(qū))科技精英人才的集聚。針對(duì)中國(guó)大陸科技精英人才短缺,同時(shí)對(duì)全球科技精英人才缺乏吸引力的問(wèn)題,本研究也提出相應(yīng)的啟示,主要有三點(diǎn)：要形成科技精英人才的集聚,就需要政府的大力投入；要形成科技精英人才的集聚,就需要加快世界一流大學(xué)建設(shè)步伐；要形成科技精英人才的集聚,就需要合理目標(biāo)定位。 通過(guò)對(duì)科技精英人才國(guó)別遷移與機(jī)構(gòu)遷移特征與原因的實(shí)證分析可知,科技精英人才在其職業(yè)發(fā)展過(guò)程中是有可能從美國(guó)逆向集聚到其他國(guó)家(地區(qū))的,且在機(jī)構(gòu)遷移過(guò)程中總是向著世界一流大學(xué)集聚的。 本研究的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)是：發(fā)現(xiàn)了科技精英人才國(guó)別遷移過(guò)程中向美國(guó)集聚的新特征,即隨著職業(yè)的發(fā)展,科技精英人才是可能從美國(guó)逆向集聚到其他國(guó)家(地區(qū))的；用世界大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)排名驗(yàn)證了科技精英人才向名校集聚的規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, the first resource has become the consensus of all the countries of the world. The talent of science and technology is the leader in the talent and the leader, and is the key to the construction of an innovative country and one of the world's first-class universities. But at the same time, the scarcity of the talents of the science and technology elite is also a common challenge for all the countries of the world. With the development of globalization, the talents of science and technology have become the resources of circulation in the world. The problem of the migration and agglomeration of the talents of the scientific and technological elite has also become an important issue for scholars and managers at home and abroad. In this study, 2430 high-cited scientists, which were included in the Thomson Reuters high-cited scientist's database, were used as a sample to analyze the country's migration and institutional migration in the course of career development of these high-cited scientists. In order to further analyze the reasons for the migration of the country and the mechanism, the study also carried out a questionnaire on the causes of occupational migration through the network survey tool, and a total of 308 valid questionnaires were collected. On this basis, a descriptive statistical analysis method, an analysis of variance method, a correlation analysis method and a regression analysis method were used to analyze the results of the questionnaire. As a result, it was found that: In the course of country migration, there are country-specific migration in the various stages of the professional development of the technical elite, but the phenomenon of agglomeration to the United States mainly occurs in the early stage of its education and career development, and then the phenomenon is reversed From the result of the empirical analysis, the bachelor's degree to the doctor stage is the main stage of the scientific and technological elite to gather in the United States, and the tendency of the scientific and technological elite to gather in the United States in the early stage is obviously weakened, and finally in the early stage to the present level. Segment, Science and technology elite from the United States to other innovative countries (regions It can be seen that, in the course of the country's migration, the elite of the science and technology is not moving from the United States to the rest of the country as it moves from the United States to other countries, not just as the Institute has said, but with the development of its profession). According to the theory of human capital and the analysis of the push-pull factor of the theory of advantage accumulation to the country's migration, the scientific and technological elite can get more personal development and promotion in other countries (regions) from the reverse concentration of the United States, and it can obtain more personal development and promotion in other countries (regions). The results of the questionnaire on the cause of the professional migration of the elite of the science and technology elite also show that the working environment is very important. In the process of institution migration, the talent of the science and technology elite does present a tendency to concentrate to the famous school, and the famous school mainly refers to the world 1-100 in the academic ranking of the world university (ARWU). From the results of the empirical analysis, the bachelor's degree to the doctor's stage, the ARWU ranks the 1-100 university to become the only university which forms the cluster of high-cited scientists, while the doctor to the early stage, from the ARWU to the 1-100 university to migrate and gather high-cited scientists from other types of institutions The largest, but in the early stage to the current stage, the high-cited scientists are again in the ARWU ranking of 1-100. From the point of view of the theory of human capital and the cumulative theory of the advantages, whether to expect the income or to accumulate the advantages, the talents of the science and technology will move and gather in the process of their career development, even in the course of this process. It's a phenomenon, but eventually it's going to be an advantage. As a result, it can be seen from the results of the empirical analysis that the famous school or the advantage institution described in the research of the existing institutional migration mainly refers to the world 1 in the top 100 of the world university's academic ranking. In order to further understand the advantages and conditions that can attract the migration and agglomeration of the talents of the scientific and technological elite, the present study has carried on the present situation and the cause of the talents of the high-tech elite in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan and Saudi Arabia. A case-by-case analysis has been made. While these countries and regions differ in the pattern of the concentration of scientific and technological elite, there are still some of the specific convergence measures In general, these common features are mainly embodied in three aspects: the government's scientific research input is the prerequisite for gathering the talents of the scientific and technological elite, and a few key universities are the talents of the scientific and technological elite. a gathering platform; it is determined that a suitable talent introduction target can speed up the country's science and technology elite In the light of the shortage of Chinese technology elite, and the lack of attraction to the talents of the global science and technology elite, this study also puts forward the corresponding enlightenment, which mainly includes three points: to form the gathering of the talents of the scientific and technological elite, the government's strong input is needed; and the scientific and technological elite should be formed. The gathering of talents needs to speed up the pace of the construction of the world's first-class university, and it will be necessary to combine the talents of the scientific and technological elite. On the basis of the empirical analysis of the characteristics and causes of the country migration and institutional migration of the talents of the science and technology, it is clear that the talents of the science and technology are likely to cluster from the United States to the other in the course of their career development. Countries (regions) and are always in the world in the process of institutional migration The main innovation point of this study is the discovery of the new features that the technology elite can gather in the United States in the course of country migration, that is, with the development of the profession, the talents of the scientific and technological elite are likely to gather in the reverse of the United States. Other countries (regions); the world university's academic ranking to validate the elite
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G316
本文編號(hào)：2380058
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, the first resource has become the consensus of all the countries of the world. The talent of science and technology is the leader in the talent and the leader, and is the key to the construction of an innovative country and one of the world's first-class universities. But at the same time, the scarcity of the talents of the science and technology elite is also a common challenge for all the countries of the world. With the development of globalization, the talents of science and technology have become the resources of circulation in the world. The problem of the migration and agglomeration of the talents of the scientific and technological elite has also become an important issue for scholars and managers at home and abroad. In this study, 2430 high-cited scientists, which were included in the Thomson Reuters high-cited scientist's database, were used as a sample to analyze the country's migration and institutional migration in the course of career development of these high-cited scientists. In order to further analyze the reasons for the migration of the country and the mechanism, the study also carried out a questionnaire on the causes of occupational migration through the network survey tool, and a total of 308 valid questionnaires were collected. On this basis, a descriptive statistical analysis method, an analysis of variance method, a correlation analysis method and a regression analysis method were used to analyze the results of the questionnaire. As a result, it was found that: In the course of country migration, there are country-specific migration in the various stages of the professional development of the technical elite, but the phenomenon of agglomeration to the United States mainly occurs in the early stage of its education and career development, and then the phenomenon is reversed From the result of the empirical analysis, the bachelor's degree to the doctor stage is the main stage of the scientific and technological elite to gather in the United States, and the tendency of the scientific and technological elite to gather in the United States in the early stage is obviously weakened, and finally in the early stage to the present level. Segment, Science and technology elite from the United States to other innovative countries (regions It can be seen that, in the course of the country's migration, the elite of the science and technology is not moving from the United States to the rest of the country as it moves from the United States to other countries, not just as the Institute has said, but with the development of its profession). According to the theory of human capital and the analysis of the push-pull factor of the theory of advantage accumulation to the country's migration, the scientific and technological elite can get more personal development and promotion in other countries (regions) from the reverse concentration of the United States, and it can obtain more personal development and promotion in other countries (regions). The results of the questionnaire on the cause of the professional migration of the elite of the science and technology elite also show that the working environment is very important. In the process of institution migration, the talent of the science and technology elite does present a tendency to concentrate to the famous school, and the famous school mainly refers to the world 1-100 in the academic ranking of the world university (ARWU). From the results of the empirical analysis, the bachelor's degree to the doctor's stage, the ARWU ranks the 1-100 university to become the only university which forms the cluster of high-cited scientists, while the doctor to the early stage, from the ARWU to the 1-100 university to migrate and gather high-cited scientists from other types of institutions The largest, but in the early stage to the current stage, the high-cited scientists are again in the ARWU ranking of 1-100. From the point of view of the theory of human capital and the cumulative theory of the advantages, whether to expect the income or to accumulate the advantages, the talents of the science and technology will move and gather in the process of their career development, even in the course of this process. It's a phenomenon, but eventually it's going to be an advantage. As a result, it can be seen from the results of the empirical analysis that the famous school or the advantage institution described in the research of the existing institutional migration mainly refers to the world 1 in the top 100 of the world university's academic ranking. In order to further understand the advantages and conditions that can attract the migration and agglomeration of the talents of the scientific and technological elite, the present study has carried on the present situation and the cause of the talents of the high-tech elite in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan and Saudi Arabia. A case-by-case analysis has been made. While these countries and regions differ in the pattern of the concentration of scientific and technological elite, there are still some of the specific convergence measures In general, these common features are mainly embodied in three aspects: the government's scientific research input is the prerequisite for gathering the talents of the scientific and technological elite, and a few key universities are the talents of the scientific and technological elite. a gathering platform; it is determined that a suitable talent introduction target can speed up the country's science and technology elite In the light of the shortage of Chinese technology elite, and the lack of attraction to the talents of the global science and technology elite, this study also puts forward the corresponding enlightenment, which mainly includes three points: to form the gathering of the talents of the scientific and technological elite, the government's strong input is needed; and the scientific and technological elite should be formed. The gathering of talents needs to speed up the pace of the construction of the world's first-class university, and it will be necessary to combine the talents of the scientific and technological elite. On the basis of the empirical analysis of the characteristics and causes of the country migration and institutional migration of the talents of the science and technology, it is clear that the talents of the science and technology are likely to cluster from the United States to the other in the course of their career development. Countries (regions) and are always in the world in the process of institutional migration The main innovation point of this study is the discovery of the new features that the technology elite can gather in the United States in the course of country migration, that is, with the development of the profession, the talents of the scientific and technological elite are likely to gather in the reverse of the United States. Other countries (regions); the world university's academic ranking to validate the elite
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G316
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