本文選題：學(xué)術(shù)共同體 + 知識圖譜　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著時代的進步,科學(xué)技術(shù)在經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展中的作用日益突出。同時現(xiàn)代科學(xué)也呈現(xiàn)出高度分化和高度綜合的特點,為了適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)展,科研主體也從單一化向合作化轉(zhuǎn)變,學(xué)術(shù)共同體應(yīng)運而生。本文以國家科技進步獎作為數(shù)據(jù)源,利用知識圖譜對學(xué)術(shù)共同體的科研合作狀況進行研究,并提出學(xué)術(shù)共同體科研合作的問題與改進措施。本篇論文的主要內(nèi)容包括以下幾個部分：第一部分,基礎(chǔ)理論介紹。在這一部分中,筆者通過對已有研究成果的學(xué)習(xí),對學(xué)術(shù)共同體、科研合作、社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析以及國家科技獎勵的相關(guān)理論知識進行歸納和梳理。學(xué)術(shù)共同體是知識發(fā)現(xiàn)的主體,人才培養(yǎng)的基地,同時也是學(xué)術(shù)成果評價者和學(xué)術(shù)行為的監(jiān)督者。科研合作是科學(xué)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,在提高知識產(chǎn)出和科研質(zhì)量上都發(fā)揮著重要的推動作用。社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析由于其具有很強的實用性,自20世紀30年代以后,也逐漸在各個領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。國家科技獎勵作為國家宏觀調(diào)控的手段,在科技發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新上發(fā)揮著重要的引導(dǎo)作用。第二部分,研究工具與數(shù)據(jù)處理介紹。本文用到的主要的統(tǒng)計分析工具是Excel和CitespaceⅡ。Excel作為常用的辦公軟件已經(jīng)被大家所熟知。CitesSpace軟件是由陳超美博士基于Java平臺開發(fā)的信息可視化軟件,這款軟件可以對關(guān)鍵詞、作者、題名等多個字段進行分析,并得到可視化圖譜,來對某一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域某一時間段內(nèi)的研究狀況進行分析。自2004年CitesSpace軟件誕生后,由于其簡單易用,并且能夠得到準確的統(tǒng)計結(jié)果和美觀的圖譜,很快在國內(nèi)外得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。第三部分,獲獎項目科研合作主題分析。這一部分主要是對國家科技進步獎的獲獎項目名稱進行關(guān)鍵詞提取,并導(dǎo)入到CitespaceⅡ中,對獲獎項目科研合作主題的整體狀況進行分析,并進行分階段研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著年代的推移,研究人員的合作主題也隨之發(fā)生變化,如在農(nóng)業(yè)上,科研人員的合作主題由農(nóng)作物的育種、優(yōu)化栽培以及雜交技術(shù)的研究轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)r(nóng)作物新品種的培育、選育以及種質(zhì)創(chuàng)新；在重工業(yè)上,更加關(guān)注能源資源的安全開采及高效利用,另外在醫(yī)學(xué)、交通運輸以及生態(tài)環(huán)境等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,科研人員的合作主題也都發(fā)生了變化。同時隨著時代的進步,各種高新技術(shù)如：遙感技術(shù)、衛(wèi)星技術(shù)、機器人技術(shù)等也日益受到科研人員的重視。獲獎項目合作主題的轉(zhuǎn)變不僅受到社會發(fā)展的影響,同時也受國家政策的引導(dǎo)。第四部分,獲獎項目科研合作人員分析。通過對獲獎項目科研人員的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計,發(fā)現(xiàn)在所有公布完成人的獲獎項目中,96%的獲獎項目都是由完成人通過合作完成的,并以10入合作完成的項目最多。將相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到CitespaceⅡ中,對獲獎人員的合作情況進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然大部分項目都是通過獲獎人員的合作完成的,但是整體上,每個科研人員參與合作的次數(shù)較低,筆者認為主要原因在于科技進步獎涉及多個領(lǐng)域,而絕大多數(shù)學(xué)者、專家都專注于自己感興趣的領(lǐng)域或與自己鉆研領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的交叉學(xué)科方面進行科研活動,而且由于絕大部分完成人的獲獎次數(shù)為1次,導(dǎo)致整體上每個完成人之間的合作程度較低。第五部分,獲獎項目科研合作機構(gòu)分析。通過對獲獎項目科研合作機構(gòu)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計,發(fā)現(xiàn)在所有公布完成機構(gòu)的獲獎項目中,76%的獲獎項目是通過機構(gòu)間合作完成的,并且隨著合作機構(gòu)數(shù)量的增加,獲獎項目數(shù)呈降低的趨勢,各大高校是主要獲獎機構(gòu),其次是大型醫(yī)院以及科研院所,而公司、企業(yè)的獲獎次數(shù)相對較少。將相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到CitespaceⅡ中,可以對獲獎機構(gòu)合作的整體情況進行分析,并進行分階段研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著年代的推移,跨機構(gòu)合作的科研合作方式趨勢日益明顯,另外以浙江大學(xué)和清華大學(xué)為代表的高校是知識發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要場所,是推動科技發(fā)展的主要機構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:With the progress of the times, science and technology in the economic and social development plays an increasingly prominent role. At the same time, modern science is characterized by highly differentiated and highly integrated, in order to adapt to the development of modern science, the research subject is from a single to the co-operative transformation, the academic community came into being. Based on the national science and technology progress award as the data source. Are used to study the knowledge map research cooperation of the academic community, the academic community and put forward the problems and measures of cooperation in scientific research. The main contents of this thesis include the following parts: the first part introduces the basic theory. In this part, based on the existing research results of the study, the academic community, scientific research cooperation social network analysis, and the national science and technology awards to the relevant theoretical knowledge is summed up. The academic community is the main body of knowledge discovery, personnel training Keep the base, but also academic evaluation and academic behavior of the supervisor. Scientific research cooperation is the result of scientific development, in improving the quality of scientific research on knowledge output and play an important role. Social network analysis because it has very strong practicability, since 1930s, has been broadly in various fields the application of national science and technology awards. As a means of national macro-control, plays an important guiding role in the development and innovation of science and technology. The second part, research tools and data processing are introduced. The main statistical analysis tools used in this paper is Excel and Citespace II.Excel as the commonly used office software has been known by.CitesSpace software Dr. Chen Chaomei based on information visualization Java platform development software, this software can be a keyword, author, title and other multiple fields analysis, And the visual map, to study the situation in certain fields within a certain period of time were analyzed. CitesSpace software since 2004 after the birth, because of its easy to use, and can obtain accurate statistical results and the appearance of the map, will soon be widely used at home and abroad. The third part analysis topic the winning projects of scientific research. This part is mainly to the national science and technology progress award item name, keyword extraction, and imported into Citespace II, overall situation analysis on the theme of cooperation winning projects of scientific research, and stage research. The study found that with the time, the researchers also occurs with the theme of cooperation change, such as in agriculture, scientific research personnel cooperation theme from crop breeding, cultivation and optimization of hybrid technology to cultivate new varieties of crops, breeding and Germplasm Innovation New; in heavy industry, pay more attention to the safety mining and efficient use of energy resources, also in the field of transportation, medical, ecological environment and other disciplines, researchers have also changed the theme of cooperation. At the same time, with the progress of the times, all kinds of new technologies such as remote sensing, satellite technology, robotics etc. more and more attention from researchers. Change the winning project cooperation theme is not only influenced by the social development, but also by the guidance of national policy. The fourth part, analysis of cooperation winning projects research. By statistics data on target awards of scientific researchers, found in all published complete the award-winning projects, 96% the winning projects are completed by the people through cooperation, and 10 into cooperation projects most. The related data into Citespace II, cooperation of award-winning staff Analysis found that, although most of the projects are completed by award-winning staff cooperation, but on the whole, the number of each of the researchers involved in cooperation is low, the author thinks that the main reason lies in the science and technology progress award involves a number of areas, and the vast majority of scholars, experts have focused on their own areas of interest or with their related research the interdisciplinary field of scientific research activities, and because most people finish winning 1 times, leading to an overall level of cooperation between each finished lower. The fifth part, analysis of award-winning projects for scientific research cooperation mechanism. Through the statistical data on the award-winning project cooperation in scientific research institutions, found in all published complete the award-winning projects, 76% winning projects is completed through cooperation between organizations, and with the increase of the number of cooperative organizations, award-winning project number decreased trend Potential, major colleges and universities is the main winners, followed by large hospitals and research institutes, and companies, enterprises winning a relatively small number. The related data into Citespace II, analyze the overall situation of winning can cooperate mechanism, and stage research, found that with the time, the trend of inter agency cooperative research cooperation is becoming more and more obvious, in addition to the Zhejiang University and the Tsinghua University as the representative of the university is the main place of knowledge discovery, is the main mechanism for promoting the development of science and technology.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G322

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