本文選題：中國　切入點(diǎn)：重大科學(xué)進(jìn)展　出處：《科技導(dǎo)報》2016年03期

【摘要】：本著分門別類、本刊推薦、專家遴選、寧缺毋濫、敘述事實(shí)的原則,從國內(nèi)外重要科技期刊和科技新聞媒體所報道的中國科技成果中,按科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程3個類別,由《科技導(dǎo)報》編輯部遴選、推薦候選條目,經(jīng)《科技導(dǎo)報》編委、審稿人等專家通信評選,推選出2015年中國重大科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程進(jìn)展30項(xiàng)。1)2015年中國重大科學(xué)進(jìn)展10項(xiàng):基于蛋白C受體標(biāo)記識別出多能性乳腺干細(xì)胞;農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)革新促使史前人類永久定居青藏高原;計(jì)算模擬出1種五元環(huán)石墨烯;實(shí)驗(yàn)示范單光子多自由度量子隱形傳態(tài);發(fā)現(xiàn)1個中心黑洞質(zhì)量為120億太陽質(zhì)量、紅移為6.3的超亮類星體;理論預(yù)言和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證外爾半金屬;解析人類原始生殖細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)錄組與DNA甲基組圖景;解析酵母剪接體對信使RNA前體行使剪接的結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ);揭示阻斷機(jī)體免疫炎癥過度反應(yīng)的表觀遺傳修飾機(jī)制;測量反質(zhì)子—反質(zhì)子間的相互作用。2)2015年中國重大技術(shù)進(jìn)展10項(xiàng):核電站控制棒系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)收,核反應(yīng)堆"心臟"實(shí)現(xiàn)中國造;中國原創(chuàng)抗癌新藥西達(dá)本胺獲準(zhǔn)全球上市;中海油攻克海上"雙高"氣田開發(fā)世界級難題;世界首個自主運(yùn)動可變形液態(tài)金屬機(jī)器問世;室溫大氣環(huán)境下單蛋白質(zhì)分子的磁共振探測;中國研發(fā)出世界首臺醫(yī)院中子照射器;膠體量子點(diǎn)微型光譜儀研制成功;制備出大面積高質(zhì)量二維超薄Mo2C超導(dǎo)晶體;高效低成本光催化制氫材料研發(fā)成功;中國研制出世界最高效固態(tài)量子存儲器。3)2015年中國重大工程進(jìn)展10項(xiàng):中國成功研制世界先進(jìn)水平航天器"發(fā)動機(jī)";中國首列"永磁高鐵"試跑成功;EAST輔助加熱系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)收;中國新一代北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星準(zhǔn)確入軌;長征六號點(diǎn)火發(fā)射成功,一箭20星創(chuàng)亞洲之最;首臺萬米級無人潛水器和著陸器4000 m級海試成功;首架國產(chǎn)大飛機(jī)下線;大型反場箍縮磁約束聚變實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置"科大一環(huán)"建成運(yùn)行;世界最大球面射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡饋源艙在貴州升艙;中國暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星"悟空"發(fā)射成功。
[Abstract]:In line with the principle of categorization, recommendation of this journal, selection of experts, and narration of facts, according to the three categories of science and technology, technology and engineering reported by important scientific and technological periodicals and scientific and technological news media at home and abroad, Selected by the editorial department of the "Science and Technology Guide", recommended candidate entries, selected by the editorial Committee of the "Science and Technology Guide" and selected by experts, such as reviewers, etc., China's major science and technology were selected for 2015. In 2015, 10 major scientific advances were made in China: identification of pluripotent mammary stem cells based on protein C receptor markers; agricultural technological innovation that prompted prehistoric humans to settle permanently on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; calculation and simulation of a pentacyclic graphene; The experiment demonstrates the quantum teleportation of single photon and multi-degree-of-freedom, and finds a super-bright quasar with a mass of 12 billion solar mass and a redshift of 6.3, which is theoretically predicted and experimentally verified. The transcriptome of human primordial germ cells and DNA methyl-histogram were analyzed, the structural basis of yeast splicing on messenger RNA precursors was analyzed, and the epigenetic modification mechanism of blocking immune inflammation overreaction was revealed. Measuring the interaction between antiproton and antiproton. 2) in 2015, there were 10 major technological advances in China: acceptance of nuclear power plant control rod system, realization of "heart" of nuclear reactor made in China, approval of the global market of Chinese original anticancer drug cilabenamine; CNOOC conquers the world class problem of "Shuanggao" gas field development; the world's first self-moving deformable liquid metal machine comes out; the room temperature atmosphere environment sends out the order protein molecular magnetic resonance detection; China has developed the world's first hospital neutron irradiator; the colloidal quantum dot microspectrometer has been successfully developed; a large area and high quality two-dimensional ultra-thin Mo2C superconducting crystal has been prepared; China has developed the world's most efficient solid-state quantum memory .3) China has made 10 major projects in 2015: China has successfully developed the "engine" of the world's advanced spacecraft, the first series of "permanent magnet high-speed" has been successfully tested and tested, and the acceptance of the East auxiliary heating system has been successfully completed. China's new generation Beidou navigation satellite is in orbit accurately; long March 6 is fired successfully, one arrow 20 stars is the most in Asia; the first 10,000 meter class unmanned submersible and lander 4000 m sea test; the first large domestic aircraft off line; A large anti-field pinch magnetic confinement fusion experimental device, "the first ring of HKUST", was built and put into operation; the feed module of the world's largest spherical radio telescope was upgraded in Guizhou; and the Chinese dark matter particle detection satellite "Wukong" was successfully launched.
【作者單位】： 《科技導(dǎo)報》編輯部;
【分類號】：G322
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本文編號：1675051