【摘要】：在現(xiàn)行制度下,縣鄉(xiāng)村三級(jí)干部的工作的主要方式是項(xiàng)目分包制和指標(biāo)責(zé)任制。兩個(gè)方式綜合起來(lái)就是以項(xiàng)目的方式來(lái)激勵(lì)和組織整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展,并以項(xiàng)目的成效來(lái)對(duì)項(xiàng)目中的干部進(jìn)行獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰。主流的學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于項(xiàng)目治國(guó)基本持否定的態(tài)度,認(rèn)為項(xiàng)目治國(guó)不能達(dá)到項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)者的意圖,甚至完全背離項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)者所希望的方向。財(cái)政專項(xiàng)經(jīng)常被視為否定項(xiàng)目治國(guó)的經(jīng)典案例。但是在更大的歷史視野中來(lái)看,項(xiàng)目治國(guó)也許沒(méi)有完全達(dá)到啟動(dòng)者的意圖,但是卻在傳統(tǒng)的科層制社會(huì)治理機(jī)制之外,開(kāi)辟了一條新的激勵(lì)地方政府自下而上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)治理機(jī)制。中央政府通過(guò)項(xiàng)目治國(guó),實(shí)現(xiàn)了中央意識(shí)形態(tài)和權(quán)力的集中,并在縣鄉(xiāng)村中產(chǎn)生了有效的激勵(lì),極大地提高了政府績(jī)效。項(xiàng)目治國(guó)之所以能夠大行其道,有四個(gè)前提:一是政府的分級(jí)治理;二是轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的績(jī)效合法性;三是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期高速發(fā)展和中央財(cái)力持續(xù)增長(zhǎng);四是中國(guó)擁有中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨這一強(qiáng)有力的先進(jìn)性政黨強(qiáng)力推動(dòng)。四個(gè)前提決定了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)中能持續(xù)推行項(xiàng)目治國(guó)這一個(gè)與傳統(tǒng)科層制并行的社會(huì)治理機(jī)制。當(dāng)然,針對(duì)項(xiàng)目制所導(dǎo)致的條條尋租和基層政府債務(wù)等問(wèn)題,也必須予以重視并加以完善解決。
[Abstract]:Under the present system, the main ways of work of county and village cadres are project subcontracting system and index responsibility system. The two ways are to encourage and organize the development of the whole economy and society by the way of project, and reward and punish the cadres in the project by the result of the project. The mainstream academic circles hold a negative attitude towards the project governance, and think that the project governance can not achieve the intention of the project initiator, or even completely deviate from the direction that the project initiator wants. Financial projects are often seen as a classic case of negating project governance. But in a larger historical perspective, project governance may not be exactly the intention of the initiator, but it is outside the traditional hierarchy of social governance mechanisms. Opened up a new social governance mechanism to encourage local governments to compete from bottom to top. The central government has realized the centralization of ideology and power through the project, and has produced effective incentives in the counties and villages, which has greatly improved the performance of the government. There are four prerequisites for the success of project governance: first, the hierarchical governance of the government; second, the legitimacy of performance during the transition period; third, the long-term rapid development of the Chinese economy and the sustained growth of the central financial resources; Fourth, China has the Communist Party of China, a powerful advanced party strongly promoted. Four presuppositions determine the sustainable implementation of project governance in Chinese economy and society, a social governance mechanism parallel to the traditional hierarchy system. Of course, the problems of rent-seeking and grass-roots government debt caused by project system must be paid more attention to and solved.
【作者單位】： 中共中央黨校政法部;
【分類號(hào)】：D630

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