本文選題：扶貧績效　切入點(diǎn)：層次分析法　出處：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在人類發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程中,貧困問題一直是困擾世界各國的難題,對于世界上人口基數(shù)最大的發(fā)展中國家來說,貧困也一直阻礙著我們國家的發(fā)展,所以消除貧困,實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕是我國長期堅(jiān)持的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。改革開放三十多年來,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展為政府扶貧工作的進(jìn)行提供了經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ),這三十多年中我國扶貧工作取得了舉世矚目的成就,農(nóng)村貧困人口從7.7億降到2015年底的5575萬,完成了聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)中的減貧要求�？梢哉f中國的扶貧模式是世界扶貧的寶貴財(cái)富,值得世界上其他國家借鑒與學(xué)習(xí),但是隨著改革開放的深入,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)步入一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段,如何在“十三五”期間全面消除貧困,實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會(huì)的偉大夢想,是我國當(dāng)前面臨的最大的考驗(yàn),對此,中央提出了“精準(zhǔn)扶貧”的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),同時(shí)習(xí)近平總書記也在去年7月份召開的東西部扶貧協(xié)作會(huì)談上為2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村貧困人口全面脫貧發(fā)出了動(dòng)員令,并且指出扶貧已經(jīng)到了攻克堡壘的最后階段。江西省是革命老區(qū),自然條件惡劣,貧困問題也相對較為嚴(yán)峻,多年來江西省政府一直緊跟國家步伐,制訂了相關(guān)扶貧政策,開發(fā)符合江西特色的扶貧模式,力爭2020年全省基本實(shí)現(xiàn)貧困人口脫貧摘帽的目標(biāo)。但是扶貧水平是否有所提高,扶貧政策的實(shí)施是否行之有效,財(cái)政的投入是否達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果,后期工作應(yīng)該在哪些方面作出調(diào)整,這些都影響著“十三五”期間貧困人口脫貧致富的目標(biāo)。本文首先定性描述了江西省農(nóng)村貧困現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前江西省農(nóng)村貧困人口規(guī)模相對龐大,主要分布在全省各縣市,但是集中分布在贛州、吉安、上饒以及九江四個(gè)市,另外農(nóng)村人口的收入中有70%用于衣食住行,所以消費(fèi)層次還相對較低,同時(shí)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力文化水平有86%左右在初中及以下,而且4%左右的文盲率一直沒有得到改善;另一方面,筆者通過對全國扶貧模式以及江西省扶貧模式的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)江西省經(jīng)歷了救濟(jì)式到開發(fā)式以及當(dāng)前采用“造血”為主,“輸血”為輔的模式,鼓勵(lì)全民參與,另外江西省當(dāng)前實(shí)施了“產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧”、“就業(yè)扶貧”、“易地搬遷”等措施,帶動(dòng)農(nóng)村貧困對象脫貧致富。為了進(jìn)一步研究江西省農(nóng)村扶貧水平,筆者通過對國內(nèi)外扶貧績效研究理論的學(xué)習(xí),以及對江西省農(nóng)村貧困現(xiàn)狀與扶貧政策的分析,以扶貧對象為重點(diǎn),創(chuàng)新性地從扶貧、解困以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展三個(gè)維度構(gòu)建評價(jià)體系,另外,為了科學(xué)合理的對江西省農(nóng)村扶貧績效作出評價(jià),筆者對比了計(jì)算權(quán)重的方法,最后選擇層次分析法與熵值法相結(jié)合的主客觀賦權(quán)法,并且通過皮爾遜相關(guān)分析證明了熵值法與層次分析法結(jié)合在扶貧績效評價(jià)中的合理性。通過主客觀賦權(quán)評價(jià)江西省2011年至2015年農(nóng)村扶貧水平,結(jié)果表明江西省農(nóng)村扶貧水平近5年呈現(xiàn)上升的趨勢,另外,通過對扶貧效果、解困措施、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的具體分析可以得出,江西省近5年中的農(nóng)村扶貧工作在農(nóng)村收入水平提高方面起到顯著的作用,在農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療方面有了很大的改善,同時(shí),農(nóng)村貧困率下降比例也比較明顯,但是在教育、衛(wèi)生、社會(huì)保障方面有下降或者變化不大的不足,在生態(tài)環(huán)保方面雖然已經(jīng)有所改善,但是近5年有所波動(dòng);基于這些問題,筆者提出了繼續(xù)加大“輸血”力度,提高農(nóng)村社會(huì)保障,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村教育培訓(xùn),增加就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),加強(qiáng)綠色鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè),實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧模式,加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,整合社會(huì)各方力量,構(gòu)建多元扶貧機(jī)制的5點(diǎn)建議。
[Abstract]:In the historical process of human development, poverty remains a problem for developing countries around the world, the world's largest population, poverty has been hindering the development of our country, so to eliminate poverty and achieve common prosperity is China's long-term economic development goals. Thirty years of reform and opening up, the rapid development of our the country's economy provides an economic basis for the government poverty alleviation work, China's poverty alleviation work in these thirty years has made remarkable achievements in the poor rural population dropped from 770 million to 2015 by the end of 55 million 750 thousand, completed the UN Millennium Development Goals of poverty reduction requirements. It can be said that the Chinese model of poverty alleviation is precious wealth of the world poverty alleviation, worthy of reference and learning in other countries in the world, but with the deepening of reform and opening-up, China's economy has entered a new stage of development, how to" 13th Five-Year "during the full elimination of poverty, to achieve full completion of the great dream of a well-off society, China is facing the biggest challenge in this regard, the strategic goal of the central authorities put forward the" precise poverty "at the same time, the general secretary Xi Jinping also held in July last year, the eastern poverty talks for 2020 to achieve cooperation in rural poverty population comprehensive poverty alleviation issued a mobilization order, and pointed out that poverty alleviation has reached the final stage of the fortress. Jiangxi is the old revolutionary base areas, poor natural conditions, the problem of poverty is also relatively severe, over the years the government of Jiangxi Province, a straight follow national pace, formulate related poverty reduction policies, in line with the development characteristics of Jiangxi poverty alleviation mode, and strive to 2020 the province's basic realization out of poverty poverty. But the poverty level is improved, whether the effective implementation of poverty alleviation policy, financial investment is reached The expected effect, later work should make adjustments in what aspects, which affect the "13th Five-Year" during the poor target. Firstly, qualitative description of the poverty situation in rural areas of Jiangxi Province, it is found that the current rural poverty population in Jiangxi province is relatively large, mainly distributed in cities and counties across the Province, but concentrated in Ganzhou Ji'an, Shangrao, Jiujiang and other four cities, the incomes of the rural population in 70% for the basic necessities of life, so the consumption level is relatively low, and the cultural level of the rural labor force is about 86% in the junior middle school and below, and about 4% of the illiteracy rate has not improved; on the other hand, with the country's poverty alleviation mode and analysis of poverty in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province found that experienced relief to the development and the current use of "blood", "blood transfusion" auxiliary pattern, encourage All the people involved, also in Jiangxi province the current implementation of the "industrial poverty", "employment poverty", "easy to move" and other measures to promote rural poverty alleviation. The object in order to further study the rural poverty level in Jiangxi Province, the author through to the domestic and foreign studies on the performance of poverty alleviation theory study, and Analysis on rural poverty situation and poverty alleviation policy Jiangxi Province, the poverty reduction target as the focus, innovation from the three dimensions of poverty and poverty alleviation and sustainable development evaluation system, in addition to the scientific and reasonable performance of rural poverty alleviation in Jiangxi province to make evaluation, the author compares the methods of weight calculation, the final choice of AHP and entropy method combining subjective and objective weighting method, and through the Pearson correlation analysis proves that the entropy method and AHP combined with rationality in poverty alleviation in the performance evaluation. Through subjective and objective evaluation of Jiangxi province 2011 To 2015 rural poverty level, results showed a rising trend of rural poverty level in Jiangxi Province in recent 5 years, in addition, through the solution to poverty alleviation effect, measures, specific analysis of sustainable development can be drawn, the work of rural poverty alleviation in Jiangxi Province in the past 5 years to a significant role in the rural income level increase, in the construction of rural infrastructure, health care has been greatly improved, at the same time, the rural poverty rate ratio will decline significantly, but in education, health, lack of a drop or little change in social security, ecological environmental protection has been improved, but nearly 5 years fluctuated; based on these problems, the author the "blood transfusion" to continue to increase efforts to improve the rural social security, strengthen education and training in rural areas, increasing employment opportunities, strengthen the green rural construction, realize the coordinated development of ecological economy, and The 5 suggestions of strengthening the mode of poverty alleviation in the industry, strengthening the adjustment of the economic structure, integrating the forces of the society and building the multi - poverty alleviation mechanism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.8;F812.8

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