本文選題：小微企業(yè) + 融資難　； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：截止2014年底,河南省共有小微企業(yè)39.8萬家,創(chuàng)造了河南省GDP的50%,80%的新增就業(yè),但同時(shí),河南省銀行業(yè)對(duì)小微企業(yè)貸款僅占各項(xiàng)貸款余額約28%。據(jù)河南省金融辦估算,河南省小微企業(yè)綜合融資成本在15%以上,而且通過正規(guī)渠道融資難,迫使大量企業(yè)民間融資、甚至非法集資,進(jìn)一步推高融資成本。怎樣促進(jìn)小微企業(yè)繼續(xù)繁榮發(fā)展,是擺在當(dāng)前的一個(gè)重要課題。本論文選取河南省小微企業(yè)融資問題展開研究,通過組織在豫的民營企業(yè)和中小微企業(yè)進(jìn)行座談?wù){(diào)研、實(shí)地考察、發(fā)放問卷等方式,摸清了河南省小微企業(yè)融資的現(xiàn)狀和問題,并對(duì)小微企業(yè)融資上待遇不公,融資成本居高不下,銀行貸款難,小型金融機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)立難、金融工具利用不足等方面的原因分別作了分析討論,最后提出優(yōu)化河南中小企業(yè)融資問題的總體思路和具體策略。本文研究認(rèn)為:河南省小微企業(yè)融資難是多重因素疊加的結(jié)果。(1)金融體制制約。我國對(duì)銀行業(yè)堅(jiān)持“總量控制、區(qū)位控制、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制”的原則,使得銀行發(fā)展和開展業(yè)務(wù)都受國家政策影響,加之金融創(chuàng)新和河南經(jīng)濟(jì)特色對(duì)接不暢,金融優(yōu)惠措施落實(shí)不力等多重原因造成小微企業(yè)融資難。(2)金融結(jié)構(gòu)不均衡。河南省金融發(fā)展滯后,銀行創(chuàng)新不夠,對(duì)小微企業(yè)信貸結(jié)構(gòu)和管理構(gòu)架需改進(jìn),各類金融機(jī)構(gòu)合作不充分等原因,是小微企業(yè)融資難的另一個(gè)主要因素。(3)融資環(huán)境差。融資渠道有限,難度加大、有效信貸需求下降、行業(yè)部門壁壘嚴(yán)重、法制環(huán)境差等原因制約小微企業(yè)融資。(4)小微企業(yè)自身原因。小微企業(yè)主思想的局限性,小微企業(yè)自身缺陷,小微企業(yè)貸款需求特點(diǎn)也增加了融資的困難。文章還指出了以往研究小微企業(yè)融資難問題的不足,如忽略了小微企業(yè)融資難是多重因素疊加的結(jié)果,僅僅解決某一個(gè)或某幾個(gè)方面,不能從根本上解決小微企業(yè)融資難。忽略了社會(huì)發(fā)展是個(gè)優(yōu)勝略汰的過程。沒有提出在盡力解決小微企業(yè)融資難的同時(shí),可以通過社會(huì)競爭淘汰掉一批沒有發(fā)展前景的小微企業(yè),倒逼小微企業(yè)自我提高,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。以及國內(nèi)對(duì)小微企業(yè)融資難的研究相比較國外而言,沒有國外系統(tǒng)和全面,結(jié)合我國或者某地具體情況的研究時(shí),往往又片面或者零散。最后,文章指出,隨著我國金融體系改革的不斷深入,和小微企業(yè)相匹配的金融體系將逐步形成,2015年開始,中國金融改革中發(fā)展和完善資本市場是個(gè)重要的內(nèi)容,小微企業(yè)融資難問題有望借助金融改革有所突破。小微企業(yè)融資難問題不是一朝一夕就能解決,我們要有足夠的耐心等待各項(xiàng)金融改革措施的落地,也要有足夠的勇氣面對(duì)今后帶來的各種挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:By the end of 2014, there were 398000 small and micro enterprises in Henan province, accounting for 50 percent or 80 percent of new jobs in Henan province, but at the same time, bank loans to small and micro enterprises accounted for only about 28 percent of all loans. According to the estimate of Henan Financial Office, the comprehensive financing cost of small and micro enterprises in Henan Province is more than 15%, and it is difficult to raise funds through formal channels, forcing a large number of enterprises to raise private financing, even illegally raising funds, which further pushes up the financing cost. How to promote the prosperity and development of small and micro enterprises is an important issue at present. This paper selects Henan Province small and micro enterprise financing question to launch the research, through organizing the small and medium-sized enterprise in Henan private enterprise to carry on the discussion investigation, the field investigation, the questionnaire and so on, has found out the Henan Province small and micro enterprise financing present situation and the question. The reasons of unfair treatment in financing, high financing cost, difficulty in bank loans, difficulty in setting up small financial institutions and insufficient use of financial instruments are analyzed and discussed respectively. Finally, the paper puts forward the overall thinking and specific strategy of optimizing the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in Henan Province. This paper holds that the difficulty of financing small and micro enterprises in Henan Province is the result of the superposition of multiple factors. Our country adheres to the principle of "total quantity control, location control, risk control" to the banking industry, which makes the bank development and business development affected by the state policy, in addition to the financial innovation and the economic characteristics of Henan Province are difficult to link up. Poor implementation of financial incentives and other multiple reasons for small and micro-enterprises financing difficulties. 2) the financial structure is not balanced. The lagged financial development in Henan Province, insufficient innovation in banks, the need to improve the credit structure and management framework of small and micro enterprises, and insufficient cooperation among various financial institutions are another major factor in the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. The financing channel is limited, the difficulty increases, the effective credit demand drops, the trade department barrier is serious, the legal system environment is poor and so on the reason restricts the small and micro enterprise financing. The limitation of the thought of the small and micro enterprise, the defect of the small and micro enterprise, and the characteristics of the loan demand of the small and micro enterprise also increase the difficulty of financing. The paper also points out the shortcomings of the previous research on the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, such as neglecting that the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises are the result of the superposition of many factors, and only solving one or several aspects can not fundamentally solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. Neglect of social development is a survival process. It has not been proposed that while trying to solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, we can eliminate a number of small and micro enterprises which have no prospect of development through social competition, force them to improve themselves and promote the further optimization of economic structure. And domestic research on the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises compared with foreign countries, there is no foreign system and comprehensive, combined with our country or a specific situation of the research, often one-sided or scattered. Finally, the article points out that with the deepening of China's financial system reform, the financial system matching with small and micro enterprises will be gradually formed. Since 2015, it is important to develop and improve the capital market in China's financial reform. Small and micro-enterprise financing difficult problem is expected to rely on financial reform breakthrough. The problem of financing for small and micro enterprises cannot be solved overnight. We must be patient enough to wait for the financial reforms to come to the ground and have enough courage to face the challenges that will arise in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F276.3;F832.4;F275

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