本文選題：招商銀行 + 戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型��； 參考：《吉林大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：貨幣流通的國際化是一個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展質(zhì)量的重要表現(xiàn)形式，而銀行作為代表國家控制貨幣流量和流向的主要金融產(chǎn)業(yè)，其行業(yè)發(fā)展是關(guān)乎國家經(jīng)濟命脈的決定因素。在過去相當長一段時間里，我國的金融管制政策一直控制著整個銀行企業(yè)的運營。而隨著中國經(jīng)濟的逐漸強大，國際地位的逐步提高，要求國內(nèi)的各行各業(yè)在國際市場中占有一席之地。為了適應(yīng)國際市場的游戲規(guī)則使中國企業(yè)與其它國外企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟競爭方式上趨同，中國政府在逐步開放市場經(jīng)濟的同時也在逐步開放利率市場，引入國外銀行參與我國金融市場的競爭。只有在競爭中提高效率才能穩(wěn)定人民幣在國際貨幣交換中的地位，才能幫助中國企業(yè)在國際市場中獲得更多的話語權(quán)。然而，在資本有限的前提下提高效率才是銀行業(yè)擴大競爭優(yōu)勢的根本保證。招商銀行是改革開放以后成立的國內(nèi)第一家企業(yè)股東股份制商業(yè)銀行，它的發(fā)展歷程一定程度地代表了我國股份制商業(yè)銀行的轉(zhuǎn)變過程。招商銀行成立伊始就沒有計劃經(jīng)濟的遺傳基因，從設(shè)立到擴張逐步成為國內(nèi)具有影響力的銀行之一，始終秉承市場競爭的一般規(guī)律，甚至很快擺脫了五大國有銀行擁有政府支持的巨大陰影。本文深入研究招商銀行25年當中經(jīng)歷的兩次戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型，，分別使用比較分析、規(guī)范分析的方法借鑒銀行效率的歷史研究結(jié)論，試圖從案例中總結(jié)改善我國銀行業(yè)提高效率的普遍性規(guī)律。 本文以規(guī)范的案例研究方法為基礎(chǔ)，選擇與招商銀行發(fā)展經(jīng)歷類似的其它四家銀行，進行財務(wù)指標的多角度比較，尋找招商銀行提高效率的真正原因�？偨Y(jié)以往關(guān)于商業(yè)銀行X-效率的相關(guān)研究結(jié)論，對影響銀行效率的宏觀因素、微觀因素、內(nèi)在動因和外在動因進行了全方位梳理，提出了本文對提高商業(yè)銀行效率的政策建議及結(jié)論。（1）提高銀行效率的核心是技術(shù)。而技術(shù)本身又分為管理技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)兩方面的內(nèi)容，管理技術(shù)是指銀行在業(yè)務(wù)整合、人員考核和客戶管理等方面采用的能夠迅速適應(yīng)內(nèi)、外部環(huán)境的管理體系。生產(chǎn)技術(shù)是指銀行在產(chǎn)品營銷、企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和協(xié)調(diào)企業(yè)運營關(guān)系方面的能力。因此，管理技術(shù)和生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的進步是銀行提高效率的核心內(nèi)容。（2）開發(fā)高效產(chǎn)品是目前我國銀行業(yè)提高效率的根本。從數(shù)據(jù)的比較結(jié)果來看，我國銀行業(yè)已經(jīng)把運營目標轉(zhuǎn)向利潤率較高的中小企業(yè)和中間業(yè)務(wù)當中。而銀行通過這兩類產(chǎn)品提高定價，是源于市場供求關(guān)系緊張和行業(yè)壟斷形成的。并非可持續(xù)的高效獲利，會隨著市場競爭逐漸加劇失去這種優(yōu)勢。本文認為，未來銀行的發(fā)展趨勢要開發(fā)體現(xiàn)銀行處理資金技術(shù)能力的高利潤產(chǎn)品，與國際接軌適應(yīng)企業(yè)的發(fā)展需求，走在客戶發(fā)展軌道的前面為客戶設(shè)計發(fā)展規(guī)劃、擴大資金需求和定價能力。（3）優(yōu)化資本結(jié)構(gòu)適應(yīng)自身發(fā)展。資本是商業(yè)銀行開展業(yè)務(wù)的根源，資本結(jié)構(gòu)與銀行業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展方向緊密相連。在提高銀行效率方面體現(xiàn)在資本運作的有效性、成本的可控性最終實現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)的最優(yōu)化。優(yōu)秀的資本結(jié)構(gòu)有利于提高銀行資金的周轉(zhuǎn)能力，有利于降低資本成本從而達到提高效率的目的。（4）保證風險評估的有效性。對于銀行業(yè)來講，風險評估主要包括自身風險和客戶業(yè)務(wù)風險兩個層面。自身風險評估主要是指自身運轉(zhuǎn)、業(yè)務(wù)流程操作方面的風險�？蛻魳I(yè)務(wù)風險是指評價業(yè)務(wù)本身的風險程度和判斷客戶的未來發(fā)展趨勢。風險的掌控既要考慮風險帶來的效益又要考慮風險效率原則，把風險控制在合理范圍內(nèi)，收益、成本和效率均衡發(fā)展。（5）建立合理的績效考評機制。企業(yè)運營本身是以人為本，員工自身的能動性是銀行運營效率提高的源動力。合理的績效考評可以開拓員工工作的想象空間，提高自主工作能力，節(jié)約層級之間拖延工作的消極成本。
[Abstract]:The internationalization of currency circulation is an important manifestation of the quality of the economic development of a country. As the main financial industry that represents the flow and flow of money, the development of the bank is a decisive factor for the lifeblood of the country. In the past a long period of time, the financial control policy of our country has been controlling the whole silver. With the gradual improvement of China's economy and the gradual improvement of its international status, all walks of life are required to occupy a place in the international market. In order to adapt to the rules of the international market, Chinese enterprises and other foreign enterprises tend to compete with other foreign enterprises in the way of economic competition, and the Chinese government is gradually opening the same market economy. In order to help Chinese enterprises to gain more discourse power in the international market, it is only in the premise of limited capital that the efficiency of the banking industry is to improve the efficiency of the banking industry. The fundamental guarantee of expanding the competitive advantage. China Merchants Bank is the first domestic shareholding commercial bank established in China after the reform and opening up. Its development course represents the process of the transformation of China's joint-stock commercial banks to a certain extent. As one of the influential banks in China, it has always adhered to the general rule of market competition, and even quickly got rid of the huge shadow of government support from the five state-owned banks. This paper deeply studies the two strategic transformation that China Merchants Bank has experienced during the 25 years, and uses comparative analysis and normative analysis to learn from the history of bank efficiency. The conclusion is to summarize the general law of improving the efficiency of China's banking industry from the case.
Based on the standard case study method, this paper selects four other banks similar to the development experience of China Merchants Bank, compares the multi angle of the financial indicators, and seeks the real reasons for the efficiency of China Merchants Bank. It summarizes the previous research conclusions about the X- efficiency of commercial banks, and the macro factors affecting the efficiency of the bank and the micro factors. The internal and external reasons are combed in all directions, and the policy suggestions and conclusions are put forward to improve the efficiency of commercial banks. (1) technology is the core of improving the efficiency of the bank. Technology itself is divided into two aspects of management technology and production technology, and management technology refers to the bank's business integration, personnel assessment and customer management. The management system that can quickly adapt to the internal and external environment. Production technology refers to the ability of the bank in product marketing, enterprise strategic planning and coordination of enterprise operation relations. Therefore, the progress of management technology and production technology is the core content of bank efficiency improvement. (2) the development of high efficiency products is the current Chinese banking industry From the result of the comparison of the data, China's banking industry has turned the operation target to the middle and small enterprises and middle business with higher profit margin. And the bank through these two kinds of products to raise the price is derived from the tension of market supply and demand and the industry monopoly. It is not sustainable and efficient profit, which will be competitive with the market. The development trend of the future bank is to develop high profit products that reflect the technical ability of banks to deal with funds, adapt to the development needs of the enterprises with the international market, design and develop the customers in the front of the customer development track, expand the capital demand and pricing ability. (3) optimizing the capital structure. The capital structure is closely connected with the development direction of the bank business. The capital structure is closely linked with the direction of the development of the bank business. The efficiency of the bank is embodied in the efficiency of the capital operation, the controllability of the cost is ultimately optimized. The excellent capital structure is beneficial to the improvement of the turnover ability of the bank's capital and is beneficial to the bank's capital. The purpose of reducing the cost of capital to improve efficiency. (4) to ensure the effectiveness of risk assessment. For the banking industry, the risk assessment mainly includes two levels of self risk and customer business risk. The risk assessment mainly refers to the risk of its own operation and the operation of the business process. The customer business risk refers to the evaluation of the business itself. The risk degree and the future development trend of the customer. The control of risk should consider both the benefit of risk and the principle of risk efficiency, and control the risk in a reasonable range, income, cost and efficiency. (5) establish a reasonable performance appraisal mechanism. The enterprise operation itself is people-oriented and the employee's own initiative is The motivation of improving the efficiency of the bank's operation. Reasonable performance evaluation can open up the imagination space of employees' work, improve the ability to work independently, and save the negative cost of procrastination between the hierarchy.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.2

【參考文獻】

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