碳約束下企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存控制策略研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-29 07:55
【摘要】：二氧化碳濃度增加導(dǎo)致全球氣候變暖已經(jīng)成為普遍的共識,為了減少二氧化碳排放(以下簡稱“碳排放”),各種國際性法規(guī)與機(jī)制相繼推出。其中,限額與交易(cap-and-trade)機(jī)制是使用范圍最廣、減排效果最好的國際性協(xié)議,它是歐盟排放交易體系(EU Emissions Trading Scheme, EU-ETS)的基礎(chǔ),在歐盟實踐中預(yù)計每年減排2億噸二氧化碳。同時,限額與交易機(jī)制也是《京都議定書》的本質(zhì),通過市場與監(jiān)管政策結(jié)合,實現(xiàn)“共同但有區(qū)別”的減排責(zé)任。碳稅是另一種國際性減排手段,相比于限額與交易,碳稅的控排方式更加簡單,它是按照化石燃料的含碳量或碳排放量征收的一種稅,通過價格變化以降低環(huán)境污染的負(fù)外部性。1990年,芬蘭最早開征碳稅,其將碳稅與能源稅合并計算。如今,碳稅已在歐洲十幾個國家推行,并被世界其他國家學(xué)習(xí)與借鑒。中國為實現(xiàn)其減排承諾,正在積極推進(jìn)碳交易市場建設(shè),并開始探討碳稅在中國的實踐。如今,低碳理念已開始運用于各個領(lǐng)域,供應(yīng)鏈碳減排問題已經(jīng)引起國內(nèi)外一些學(xué)者和企業(yè)界的高度關(guān)注,并取得一定的研究成果。然而,既存文獻(xiàn)中對于庫存系統(tǒng)碳減排的研究數(shù)量相當(dāng)有限,對于多級庫存減排問題的研究更是微少。因此,研究碳約束機(jī)制下企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存問題,成為具有挑戰(zhàn)性和現(xiàn)實性的課題,并具有較強的理論指導(dǎo)意義與應(yīng)用參考價值。本文基于總量干預(yù)和價格干預(yù)兩個視角,選擇了具有代表性且最普遍運用的兩種碳約束機(jī)制——限額與交易機(jī)制和碳稅機(jī)制,對于兩種約束機(jī)制下企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存控制問題進(jìn)行了深入研究,主要工作包括以下幾個方面：(1)對供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存系統(tǒng)的碳排放因素進(jìn)行度量與分析。為了研究供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存系統(tǒng)碳排放的影響,首先描述供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)的碳排放過程,明確系統(tǒng)碳排放的核算邊界與分類方法,給出各級碳排放數(shù)量的計算公式,確定兩種碳減排約束機(jī)制在供應(yīng)鏈中的具體形式,這些研究工作為后文生產(chǎn)-庫存系統(tǒng)中碳排放度量提供了指導(dǎo)框架。(2)通過單廠商的生產(chǎn)-庫存系統(tǒng),對比限額與交易、碳稅兩種約束機(jī)制的影響。具體而言,將限額與交易機(jī)制和碳稅機(jī)制應(yīng)用到單廠商單產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)-庫存系統(tǒng),通過生產(chǎn)數(shù)量、訂貨數(shù)量及廠商總成本的變化,考察兩種約束機(jī)制對廠商決策的影響,并對比兩種碳約束機(jī)制的政策效果。(3)研究了限額與交易機(jī)制下多級供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存控制問題。將限額與交易機(jī)制應(yīng)用于多級多產(chǎn)品多成員的生產(chǎn)-庫存系統(tǒng)中,系統(tǒng)采用分散與集中兩種決策方式,通過生產(chǎn)數(shù)量與訂貨數(shù)量的聯(lián)合優(yōu)化以滿足碳排放監(jiān)管,利潤分配與補償機(jī)制能有效促進(jìn)供應(yīng)鏈成員的協(xié)調(diào),得出限額與交易機(jī)制下多級生產(chǎn)-庫存控制方法與管理見解。(4)研究了碳稅機(jī)制下多級供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存控制問題。對于碳稅采用兩種形式：統(tǒng)一碳稅與級差碳稅,應(yīng)用于多級供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存系統(tǒng)中,考慮成員競爭能力與策略選擇,比較兩種碳稅形式下生產(chǎn)-庫存系統(tǒng)決策及碳排放水平變化,以及兩種碳稅形式的政策影響。上述提出的兩種碳約束機(jī)制下供應(yīng)鏈生產(chǎn)-庫存控制的理論與方法可應(yīng)用于企業(yè)碳減排實踐中,有助于提升低碳環(huán)境下企業(yè)管理決策水平,使碳排放約束下的供應(yīng)鏈運營更高效,對于推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (hereinafter referred to as "carbon emissions"), a variety of international regulations and mechanisms have been introduced in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Among them, the cap-and-trade mechanism is the most widely used international agreement with the best emission reduction effect, it is the EU emission. The basis of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) is expected to reduce the emission of 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year in EU practice. Meanwhile, the cap and transaction mechanism is the essence of the Kyoto Protocol, and the "common but different" emission reduction responsibility is realized through the combination of market and regulatory policies. Compared to quotas and transactions, the carbon tax is more simple. It is a tax based on the carbon or carbon emissions of fossil fuels. In.1990, the carbon tax was first imposed on the carbon tax in Finland by the change in price to reduce the negative externality of environmental pollution. In order to achieve its emission reduction commitment, China is actively promoting the construction of carbon trading market, and began to explore the practice of carbon tax in China. Now, the concept of low-carbon has begun to be applied in various fields. The problem of carbon emission reduction in supply chain has attracted a great deal of attention from some scholars and enterprises at home and abroad. However, the amount of carbon emission reduction in the inventory system is very limited, and the research on the problem of multi echelon inventory reduction is less. Therefore, it is a challenging and realistic topic to study the supply chain production inventory problem under the carbon constraint mechanism, and has a strong theoretical guiding significance and should be of great significance. Based on two perspectives of total volume intervention and price intervention, this paper selects two carbon binding mechanisms, which are representative and most commonly used - cap and trade mechanism and carbon tax mechanism, and studies the problem of supply chain production inventory control under two constraint mechanisms. The main work includes the following several parties (1) (1) measure and analyze the carbon emission factors of the supply chain production inventory system. In order to study the influence of carbon emissions in the supply chain production inventory system, the carbon emission process of the supply chain system is described first, the accounting boundary and classification method of the system carbon emissions are clearly defined, and the calculation formulas of carbon emissions at all levels are given, and two kinds of carbon reduction are determined. The specific form of the scheduling mechanism in the supply chain provides a guiding framework for the measurement of carbon emissions in the post production inventory system. (2) the impact of the two constraints on the carbon tax through the production inventory system of a single manufacturer, the comparison of the quota and the transaction, and the carbon tax. The production inventory system of a single product, through the quantity of production, the quantity of order and the change of the total cost of the manufacturer, investigates the influence of the two constraint mechanisms on the decision of the manufacturer, and compares the policy effect of the two kinds of carbon constraint mechanism. (3) the problem of production inventory control in the multilevel supply chain under the quota and transaction mechanism is studied. In the production and inventory system of multi product and multi member, the system adopts two decision-making methods of decentralization and centralization, through the combined optimization of the quantity of production and order quantity to meet the carbon emission regulation. The profit distribution and compensation mechanism can effectively promote the coordination of the members of the supply chain, and the multilevel production inventory control method under the quota and transaction mechanism is obtained. Management views. (4) the problem of production and inventory control of multilevel supply chain under the carbon tax system is studied. Two forms of carbon tax are used: unified carbon tax and differential carbon tax, applied to the multilevel supply chain production and inventory system, considering members' competitive ability and strategy selection, and comparing the production inventory system decision and carbon emission level under the two carbon tax forms. Change, and the policy influence of the two forms of carbon tax. The theory and method of supply chain production and inventory control under the two carbon constraint mechanism mentioned above can be applied to the practice of carbon emission reduction in enterprises, which will help to improve the level of enterprise management decision under the low carbon environment, make the supply chain operation under the carbon emission constraint more efficient and promote the economy, society, and the society, The sustainable development of the environment is of great significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F274
本文編號：2152023
[Abstract]:In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (hereinafter referred to as "carbon emissions"), a variety of international regulations and mechanisms have been introduced in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Among them, the cap-and-trade mechanism is the most widely used international agreement with the best emission reduction effect, it is the EU emission. The basis of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) is expected to reduce the emission of 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year in EU practice. Meanwhile, the cap and transaction mechanism is the essence of the Kyoto Protocol, and the "common but different" emission reduction responsibility is realized through the combination of market and regulatory policies. Compared to quotas and transactions, the carbon tax is more simple. It is a tax based on the carbon or carbon emissions of fossil fuels. In.1990, the carbon tax was first imposed on the carbon tax in Finland by the change in price to reduce the negative externality of environmental pollution. In order to achieve its emission reduction commitment, China is actively promoting the construction of carbon trading market, and began to explore the practice of carbon tax in China. Now, the concept of low-carbon has begun to be applied in various fields. The problem of carbon emission reduction in supply chain has attracted a great deal of attention from some scholars and enterprises at home and abroad. However, the amount of carbon emission reduction in the inventory system is very limited, and the research on the problem of multi echelon inventory reduction is less. Therefore, it is a challenging and realistic topic to study the supply chain production inventory problem under the carbon constraint mechanism, and has a strong theoretical guiding significance and should be of great significance. Based on two perspectives of total volume intervention and price intervention, this paper selects two carbon binding mechanisms, which are representative and most commonly used - cap and trade mechanism and carbon tax mechanism, and studies the problem of supply chain production inventory control under two constraint mechanisms. The main work includes the following several parties (1) (1) measure and analyze the carbon emission factors of the supply chain production inventory system. In order to study the influence of carbon emissions in the supply chain production inventory system, the carbon emission process of the supply chain system is described first, the accounting boundary and classification method of the system carbon emissions are clearly defined, and the calculation formulas of carbon emissions at all levels are given, and two kinds of carbon reduction are determined. The specific form of the scheduling mechanism in the supply chain provides a guiding framework for the measurement of carbon emissions in the post production inventory system. (2) the impact of the two constraints on the carbon tax through the production inventory system of a single manufacturer, the comparison of the quota and the transaction, and the carbon tax. The production inventory system of a single product, through the quantity of production, the quantity of order and the change of the total cost of the manufacturer, investigates the influence of the two constraint mechanisms on the decision of the manufacturer, and compares the policy effect of the two kinds of carbon constraint mechanism. (3) the problem of production inventory control in the multilevel supply chain under the quota and transaction mechanism is studied. In the production and inventory system of multi product and multi member, the system adopts two decision-making methods of decentralization and centralization, through the combined optimization of the quantity of production and order quantity to meet the carbon emission regulation. The profit distribution and compensation mechanism can effectively promote the coordination of the members of the supply chain, and the multilevel production inventory control method under the quota and transaction mechanism is obtained. Management views. (4) the problem of production and inventory control of multilevel supply chain under the carbon tax system is studied. Two forms of carbon tax are used: unified carbon tax and differential carbon tax, applied to the multilevel supply chain production and inventory system, considering members' competitive ability and strategy selection, and comparing the production inventory system decision and carbon emission level under the two carbon tax forms. Change, and the policy influence of the two forms of carbon tax. The theory and method of supply chain production and inventory control under the two carbon constraint mechanism mentioned above can be applied to the practice of carbon emission reduction in enterprises, which will help to improve the level of enterprise management decision under the low carbon environment, make the supply chain operation under the carbon emission constraint more efficient and promote the economy, society, and the society, The sustainable development of the environment is of great significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F274
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，本文編號：2152023
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