本文選題：最小訂購量 + 供應(yīng)商-Stackelberg��； 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化在給國際國內(nèi)企業(yè)帶來機(jī)遇的同時(shí),也增加了企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和壓力。面對(duì)激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭和顧客對(duì)產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的差異性要求,企業(yè)只有不斷縮短產(chǎn)品的生命周期才能得以生存,這對(duì)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)與投入水平提出了更高的要求。與之相對(duì)應(yīng),當(dāng)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)水平提高且投入比重增大時(shí),必然要求通過規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)研發(fā)過程的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和其觸發(fā)的連鎖增值價(jià)值,亦即企業(yè)需要擁有較大的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模和市場(chǎng)規(guī)模,以分?jǐn)�、補(bǔ)償產(chǎn)品研發(fā)費(fèi)用,從而降低產(chǎn)品的單位成本,提升產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值和利潤空間。 鑒于此,對(duì)于藥物、時(shí)裝、包裝消費(fèi)品等一類產(chǎn)品,由于其生命周期短、投資大、前置時(shí)間長,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)缺貨或過量庫存情形,易引起可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。面對(duì)這類產(chǎn)品,供應(yīng)商往往通過批量生產(chǎn)或采購實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì),降低產(chǎn)品成本,控制市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),也由此對(duì)下游零售商提出了訂購量要求。最小訂購量(MOQ)就是供應(yīng)商要求零售商批量訂貨的主流策略之一,即要求零售商每次或每個(gè)契約周期內(nèi)訂購產(chǎn)品的最小數(shù)量。當(dāng)零售商覺得MOQ不合理時(shí),可以選擇不訂貨。 現(xiàn)有的MOQ研究,一般將MOQ作為外生變量,從生產(chǎn)庫存的視角進(jìn)行庫存管理優(yōu)化。與之不同,本文從營銷的角度,將MOQ視為內(nèi)生變量,從多種供應(yīng)鏈背景關(guān)系出發(fā),基于利潤最大化和產(chǎn)能無限假設(shè),進(jìn)行供應(yīng)商最優(yōu)MOQ決策。從理論上證明了該策略對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)供應(yīng)商的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)是可行的,并討論了該策略導(dǎo)致零售商或供應(yīng)鏈整體利潤的變化,為該策略下分散供應(yīng)鏈的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化提供了研究方向和依據(jù)。全文主要針對(duì)供應(yīng)商-Stackelberg結(jié)構(gòu)和價(jià)格依賴需求的兩級(jí)分散供應(yīng)鏈展開理論研究,具體的研究內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： 1)基于獨(dú)立零售商的供應(yīng)鏈最小訂購量決策。針對(duì)一個(gè)壟斷零售商、兩個(gè)獨(dú)立零售商、多個(gè)獨(dú)立零售商這三種不同情形,分別確定了供應(yīng)鏈的最優(yōu)MOQ,并分析了該最優(yōu)MOQ對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈各成員以及整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈績效的影響。 2)基于零售商競(jìng)爭的供應(yīng)鏈最小訂購量決策。考慮零售商之間的競(jìng)爭關(guān)系,構(gòu)建三個(gè)完全信息二維零和博弈模型,包含垂直維度上以供應(yīng)商為主導(dǎo)的Stackelberg博弈,和水平維度上兩零售商之間的Cournot、合謀、Stackelberg等三種博弈。針對(duì)三個(gè)博弈模型,分別推導(dǎo)出供應(yīng)鏈最優(yōu)MOQ,通過對(duì)比分析了三個(gè)博弈模型的占優(yōu)策略和劣勢(shì)策略,為供應(yīng)商的博弈選擇提供了依據(jù)。 3)基于不對(duì)稱需求信息的最優(yōu)MOQ決策。假設(shè)零售商掌握準(zhǔn)確的需求信息,而供應(yīng)商僅掌握需求的概率分布,基于此假設(shè)推導(dǎo)出供應(yīng)商的最優(yōu)MOQ,并分析其對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈各成員以及整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈績效的影響。將該結(jié)論應(yīng)用于云存儲(chǔ)的銷售供應(yīng)鏈中,假設(shè)價(jià)格敏感因子服從正態(tài)分布,確定了云存儲(chǔ)供應(yīng)商銷售的最優(yōu)最小存儲(chǔ)容量,闡釋了方法的合理性與有效性。 4)產(chǎn)能變異性對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈決策的影響分析。上述最優(yōu)MOQ決策是以不受產(chǎn)能約束為前提假設(shè)的,因此有必要分析產(chǎn)能變異性對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈決策的影響。針對(duì)此問題,以周期性生產(chǎn)和盤存的兩層供應(yīng)鏈為背景,以離散時(shí)間、無限計(jì)劃期為前提,分析了分散和集中決策這兩種情形下的生產(chǎn)能力變異性,及其對(duì)供應(yīng)商及其下游零售商庫存決策的影響。更進(jìn)一步,設(shè)計(jì)了庫存補(bǔ)貼契約以實(shí)現(xiàn)供應(yīng)鏈完美協(xié)調(diào),降低庫存成本。 本文從營銷視角對(duì)MOQ展開研究,將其視為決策變量進(jìn)行供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)化,豐富和發(fā)展了基于MOQ的供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)化理論與方法體系,并在實(shí)踐中為以供應(yīng)商為主導(dǎo)的供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)化提供理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:At the same time , the globalization of economy brings opportunities to international domestic enterprises , and also increases the competition risk and pressure of enterprises . In the face of the fierce market competition and the difference of customers to the products and services , enterprises can only keep shortening the life cycle of the products to survive . Therefore , when the product development level of the enterprise is improved and the proportion of investment increases , the enterprise needs to have larger production scale and market scale , so as to allocate and compensate the product R & D expenses , thus reducing the unit cost of the product and improving the value and profit space of the product .

In view of this , for a class of products , such as drugs , fashion , packaged consumer goods , etc . , due to the short life cycle , large investment and long lead - in time , considerable economic loss can be caused when stock shortage or excessive inventory occurs . In the face of such products , suppliers tend to achieve economies of scale by mass production or purchase . The minimum order quantity ( MOQ ) is one of the main strategies that suppliers require to order the retailer in bulk . The minimum order quantity ( MOQ ) is the minimum quantity ordered by the retailer for each or every contract period . When the retailer feels that the MOQ is unreasonable , you can choose not to order .

According to the existing MOQ research , MOQ is generally regarded as an exogenous variable to optimize the inventory management from the perspective of production inventory . From the perspective of marketing , MOQ is regarded as the endogenous variable , and the optimal MOQ decision is made on the basis of profit maximization and capacity unlimited assumption .

1 ) Based on the supply chain minimum ordering quantity decision of independent retailers , the optimal MOQ of the supply chain is determined for one monopoly retailer , two independent retailers and multiple independent retailers respectively , and the influence of the optimal MOQ on the members of the supply chain and the performance of the whole supply chain is analyzed .

2 ) Based on the retailer ' s competitive supply chain minimum order quantity decision - making , three complete information two - dimensional zero and game models are constructed in consideration of the competition relationship among the retailers . Three game models are constructed . The optimal MOQ of the supply chain is derived from three game models , and the dominant strategies and inferior strategies of the three game models are analyzed , and the basis is provided for the game selection of the suppliers .

3 ) Based on the optimal MOQ decision of the asymmetric demand information , it is assumed that the retailer has accurate demand information , and the supplier has only the probability distribution of the demand . Based on this assumption , the supplier ' s optimal MOQ is derived , and its influence on the supply chain members and the whole supply chain performance is analyzed . The conclusion is applied to the sales supply chain of cloud storage . It is assumed that the price sensitivity factor is subject to normal distribution , and the optimal minimum storage capacity of the cloud storage supplier is determined , and the rationality and effectiveness of the method are explained .

4 ) The impact of capacity variability on supply chain decision - making is analyzed . The above - mentioned optimal MOQ decision is based on the premise of not being constrained by capacity , so it is necessary to analyze the impact of productivity variability on supply chain decision - making .

This paper studies the MOQ from the perspective of marketing , regards it as a decision variable to optimize the supply chain , enriches and develops the supply chain optimization theory and method system based on MOQ , and provides theoretical guidance for the supply chain optimization based on the supplier .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F274

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本文編號(hào)：1966705