本文選題：批量模型 + 運輸成本��； 參考：《西安工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：進入21世紀以來,隨著知識經(jīng)濟時代的到來,市場競爭的動態(tài)化、全球化趨勢使得市場的競爭不再是企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間的競爭,而是供應鏈與供應鏈之間的競爭。供應鏈理論的興起和其實踐的發(fā)展使得企業(yè)過去那種從設計、制造直到銷售都是自營模式的傳統(tǒng)成本管理方式已不能適應競爭的要求,進而形成的是在全球范圍內(nèi)與供應商、銷售商建立合作伙伴關系,形成一種長期的戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟,結成利益共同體,共同創(chuàng)造企業(yè)利潤。與此同時,這也為企業(yè)降低采購成本提供了新的途徑,即建立批量模型不只是單單考慮某一方的利益,而是在考慮合作雙方共同利益的前提下進行。 傳統(tǒng)供應鏈中采購商一般處于主導地位,雙方的運輸批量決策由采購商來決定,而供應商只是在采購商已做決策的條件下進行生產(chǎn),但實際中以供應商來決策運輸批量可能更有利于雙方的長期合作并獲取更多利益,因為這樣會使得供應商能夠合理安排生產(chǎn),提高運輸?shù)撵`活性�；诖�,本文從供應商角度出發(fā),在國內(nèi)外相關研究的基礎上,針對由個供應商和一個采購商所組成的兩層供應鏈,在考慮運輸成本的情況下,從供應鏈的整體利益出發(fā)去建立一個供需雙方之間的運輸批量模型,對供需雙方之間的供貨批量進行優(yōu)化,以此來降低供需雙方的成本,節(jié)省雙方成本的同時也促進了供需雙方進一步的合作。 本文從供應鏈相關理論出發(fā),并以供應商為運輸主體對供應鏈上各節(jié)點企業(yè)間在長期合作的前提下的相關成本進行分析,對供應鏈管理及運輸批量模型及供應鏈上供需關系協(xié)調(diào)等相關問題的國內(nèi)外研究進行了總結。 針對供需雙方長期合作的供貨批量模型問題,通過先建立一個單考慮供應商利益的單個批量模型,在此種情況下,采購商處于被動的地位,在供應商節(jié)省成本的同時,采購商的成本增加,不利于雙方的長期合作�；诖�,再通過建立一個考慮供需雙方的綜合批量模型來達到降低供應鏈成本的目的,盡管綜合批量模型有效地降低了供應鏈整體的成本,但采購商的成本反而增加,針對此,建立了一個利益分享的機制,以確保供需雙方能夠公平享受因合作而帶來的利益。對所建模型進行分析與求解,得到的主要結果如下： 第一,合作后供需雙方總成本比合作前成本降低,也就是說依據(jù)考慮供需雙方利益所建立的模型進行批量的運輸會使得供應鏈上的總成本降低。 第二,合作后供應商總成本比合作前所建模型成本升高,由此在供應鏈總成本和采購商成本降低的同時建立了利益分享機制,使得供應鏈及其供應鏈上供應商和采購商同時能夠達到成本的節(jié)約。 第三,合作后采購商總成本比合作前所建成本降低,同樣利用優(yōu)化后的考慮雙方利益所建立的模型進行雙方的運輸決策能夠降低采購商的總的成本。 第四,確定了經(jīng)濟訂貨批量的一個范圍,用于提高實際生產(chǎn)活動的靈活性,使得供需雙方在節(jié)省成本的同時能夠更加靈活的安排生產(chǎn)和運輸。 最后,以某木業(yè)公司為例,對綜合批量模型進行了應用。結果表明,與木業(yè)公司傳統(tǒng)供貨方法相比,利用本論文模型計算得出的供貨批量能夠有效降低供應鏈總成本。利益分享機制的建立,有效防止了采購商成本增加問題,使供需雙方的相關成本降低率趨于一致,更進一步加強了雙方的合作關系。這說明,本文的結果不僅具有一定的理論意義,而且具有較強的實際價值。
[Abstract]:Since the twenty-first Century, with the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the dynamic of market competition and the trend of globalization make the market competition no longer the competition between enterprises and enterprises, but the competition between supply chain and supply chain. The rise of supply chain theory and the development of its practice make the enterprise of the past from design, manufacture to sales. The traditional cost management mode of self-management model can not meet the requirements of competition, and then forms a partnership with suppliers and distributors worldwide, forms a long-term strategic alliance, forms a community of interests, and co creates corporate profits. At the same time, this also provides a new way for enterprises to reduce the cost of purchasing. The way to build a lot size model is not only to consider the interests of one party, but also to consider the common interests of both parties.
In the traditional supply chain, the buyer is generally in the dominant position, and the transportation batch decision is decided by the buyer, and the supplier is only produced under the condition that the buyer has made the decision. Based on the supplier and a buyer's two layer supply chain, this paper, based on the supplier's perspective and on the basis of relevant research at home and abroad, establishes a supply and demand side from the overall interest of the supply chain, considering the transportation cost. The transport batch model between the suppliers and the suppliers is optimized to reduce the cost of supply and demand, save the cost of both parties and promote further cooperation between the supply and demand sides.
In this paper, based on the theory of supply chain, this paper analyzes the related cost of each node in the supply chain under the premise of long-term cooperation, and summarizes the domestic and foreign research on supply chain management and transportation batch model and supply chain relationship coordination.
In this case, the buyer is in a passive position in this case, in this case, the buyer is in a passive position. At the same time, the cost of the supplier is saved and the buyer's cost is increased, which is not conducive to the long-term cooperation between the two parties. Considering the comprehensive batch model of both suppliers and suppliers to reduce the cost of supply chain, although the integrated batch model effectively reduces the overall cost of the supply chain, the cost of the buyer is increasing. The main results are as follows:
First, the total cost of the supply and demand is lower than the cost before cooperation, that is to say, the mass transportation will reduce the total cost on the supply chain according to the model which is set up by the interests of both suppliers and suppliers.
Second, the total cost of the supplier is higher than that of the model before the cooperation, thus the benefit sharing mechanism is established at the same time that the total cost of the supply chain and the buyer's cost are reduced, which makes the suppliers and purchasers in the supply chain and the supply chain at the same time achieve the cost savings.
Third, after cooperation, the total cost of the buyer is lower than the cost before the cooperation. It can also reduce the total cost of the buyer by using the optimized model to carry out the two parties' transportation decision.
Fourth, the scope of the economic order batch is determined to improve the flexibility of the actual production activities, making the two sides more flexible in arranging production and transportation while saving the cost.
Finally, taking a wooden company as an example, the comprehensive batch model is applied. The result shows that compared with the traditional supply method of wood industry, the supply lot quantity can effectively reduce the total supply chain cost. The establishment of benefit sharing mechanism effectively prevents the buyer from increasing the cost of the buyer and makes the supply and demand of both parties. The rate of cost reduction tends to be consistent and further strengthens the cooperation relationship between the two sides. This shows that the results of this paper not only have a certain theoretical significance, but also have a strong practical value.
【學位授予單位】：西安工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F274

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