本文選題：批量模型 + 運(yùn)輸成本�。� 參考：《西安工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,隨著知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的到來,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的動(dòng)態(tài)化、全球化趨勢(shì)使得市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不再是企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),而是供應(yīng)鏈與供應(yīng)鏈之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。供應(yīng)鏈理論的興起和其實(shí)踐的發(fā)展使得企業(yè)過去那種從設(shè)計(jì)、制造直到銷售都是自營(yíng)模式的傳統(tǒng)成本管理方式已不能適應(yīng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的要求,進(jìn)而形成的是在全球范圍內(nèi)與供應(yīng)商、銷售商建立合作伙伴關(guān)系,形成一種長(zhǎng)期的戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟,結(jié)成利益共同體,共同創(chuàng)造企業(yè)利潤(rùn)。與此同時(shí),這也為企業(yè)降低采購(gòu)成本提供了新的途徑,即建立批量模型不只是單單考慮某一方的利益,而是在考慮合作雙方共同利益的前提下進(jìn)行。 傳統(tǒng)供應(yīng)鏈中采購(gòu)商一般處于主導(dǎo)地位,雙方的運(yùn)輸批量決策由采購(gòu)商來決定,而供應(yīng)商只是在采購(gòu)商已做決策的條件下進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),但實(shí)際中以供應(yīng)商來決策運(yùn)輸批量可能更有利于雙方的長(zhǎng)期合作并獲取更多利益,因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)使得供應(yīng)商能夠合理安排生產(chǎn),提高運(yùn)輸?shù)撵`活性�；诖�,本文從供應(yīng)商角度出發(fā),在國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)由個(gè)供應(yīng)商和一個(gè)采購(gòu)商所組成的兩層供應(yīng)鏈,在考慮運(yùn)輸成本的情況下,從供應(yīng)鏈的整體利益出發(fā)去建立一個(gè)供需雙方之間的運(yùn)輸批量模型,對(duì)供需雙方之間的供貨批量進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,以此來降低供需雙方的成本,節(jié)省雙方成本的同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了供需雙方進(jìn)一步的合作。 本文從供應(yīng)鏈相關(guān)理論出發(fā),并以供應(yīng)商為運(yùn)輸主體對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈上各節(jié)點(diǎn)企業(yè)間在長(zhǎng)期合作的前提下的相關(guān)成本進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈管理及運(yùn)輸批量模型及供應(yīng)鏈上供需關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)等相關(guān)問題的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。 針對(duì)供需雙方長(zhǎng)期合作的供貨批量模型問題,通過先建立一個(gè)單考慮供應(yīng)商利益的單個(gè)批量模型,在此種情況下,采購(gòu)商處于被動(dòng)的地位,在供應(yīng)商節(jié)省成本的同時(shí),采購(gòu)商的成本增加,不利于雙方的長(zhǎng)期合作�；诖�,再通過建立一個(gè)考慮供需雙方的綜合批量模型來達(dá)到降低供應(yīng)鏈成本的目的,盡管綜合批量模型有效地降低了供應(yīng)鏈整體的成本,但采購(gòu)商的成本反而增加,針對(duì)此,建立了一個(gè)利益分享的機(jī)制,以確保供需雙方能夠公平享受因合作而帶來的利益。對(duì)所建模型進(jìn)行分析與求解,得到的主要結(jié)果如下： 第一,合作后供需雙方總成本比合作前成本降低,也就是說依據(jù)考慮供需雙方利益所建立的模型進(jìn)行批量的運(yùn)輸會(huì)使得供應(yīng)鏈上的總成本降低。 第二,合作后供應(yīng)商總成本比合作前所建模型成本升高,由此在供應(yīng)鏈總成本和采購(gòu)商成本降低的同時(shí)建立了利益分享機(jī)制,使得供應(yīng)鏈及其供應(yīng)鏈上供應(yīng)商和采購(gòu)商同時(shí)能夠達(dá)到成本的節(jié)約。 第三,合作后采購(gòu)商總成本比合作前所建成本降低,同樣利用優(yōu)化后的考慮雙方利益所建立的模型進(jìn)行雙方的運(yùn)輸決策能夠降低采購(gòu)商的總的成本。 第四,確定了經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨批量的一個(gè)范圍,用于提高實(shí)際生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的靈活性,使得供需雙方在節(jié)省成本的同時(shí)能夠更加靈活的安排生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸。 最后,以某木業(yè)公司為例,對(duì)綜合批量模型進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用。結(jié)果表明,與木業(yè)公司傳統(tǒng)供貨方法相比,利用本論文模型計(jì)算得出的供貨批量能夠有效降低供應(yīng)鏈總成本。利益分享機(jī)制的建立,有效防止了采購(gòu)商成本增加問題,使供需雙方的相關(guān)成本降低率趨于一致,更進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了雙方的合作關(guān)系。這說明,本文的結(jié)果不僅具有一定的理論意義,而且具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)際價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Since the twenty-first Century, with the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the dynamic of market competition and the trend of globalization make the market competition no longer the competition between enterprises and enterprises, but the competition between supply chain and supply chain. The rise of supply chain theory and the development of its practice make the enterprise of the past from design, manufacture to sales. The traditional cost management mode of self-management model can not meet the requirements of competition, and then forms a partnership with suppliers and distributors worldwide, forms a long-term strategic alliance, forms a community of interests, and co creates corporate profits. At the same time, this also provides a new way for enterprises to reduce the cost of purchasing. The way to build a lot size model is not only to consider the interests of one party, but also to consider the common interests of both parties.
In the traditional supply chain, the buyer is generally in the dominant position, and the transportation batch decision is decided by the buyer, and the supplier is only produced under the condition that the buyer has made the decision. Based on the supplier and a buyer's two layer supply chain, this paper, based on the supplier's perspective and on the basis of relevant research at home and abroad, establishes a supply and demand side from the overall interest of the supply chain, considering the transportation cost. The transport batch model between the suppliers and the suppliers is optimized to reduce the cost of supply and demand, save the cost of both parties and promote further cooperation between the supply and demand sides.
In this paper, based on the theory of supply chain, this paper analyzes the related cost of each node in the supply chain under the premise of long-term cooperation, and summarizes the domestic and foreign research on supply chain management and transportation batch model and supply chain relationship coordination.
In this case, the buyer is in a passive position in this case, in this case, the buyer is in a passive position. At the same time, the cost of the supplier is saved and the buyer's cost is increased, which is not conducive to the long-term cooperation between the two parties. Considering the comprehensive batch model of both suppliers and suppliers to reduce the cost of supply chain, although the integrated batch model effectively reduces the overall cost of the supply chain, the cost of the buyer is increasing. The main results are as follows:
First, the total cost of the supply and demand is lower than the cost before cooperation, that is to say, the mass transportation will reduce the total cost on the supply chain according to the model which is set up by the interests of both suppliers and suppliers.
Second, the total cost of the supplier is higher than that of the model before the cooperation, thus the benefit sharing mechanism is established at the same time that the total cost of the supply chain and the buyer's cost are reduced, which makes the suppliers and purchasers in the supply chain and the supply chain at the same time achieve the cost savings.
Third, after cooperation, the total cost of the buyer is lower than the cost before the cooperation. It can also reduce the total cost of the buyer by using the optimized model to carry out the two parties' transportation decision.
Fourth, the scope of the economic order batch is determined to improve the flexibility of the actual production activities, making the two sides more flexible in arranging production and transportation while saving the cost.
Finally, taking a wooden company as an example, the comprehensive batch model is applied. The result shows that compared with the traditional supply method of wood industry, the supply lot quantity can effectively reduce the total supply chain cost. The establishment of benefit sharing mechanism effectively prevents the buyer from increasing the cost of the buyer and makes the supply and demand of both parties. The rate of cost reduction tends to be consistent and further strengthens the cooperation relationship between the two sides. This shows that the results of this paper not only have a certain theoretical significance, but also have a strong practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F274

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