【摘要】：行政管理活動需要在行政法律制度的規(guī)范下有序進(jìn)行。但是,如果制度滯后于現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,就會束縛甚至阻礙行政管理活動的順利實(shí)施。我國正處于社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)型期,行政管理事務(wù)呈現(xiàn)出多樣化和復(fù)雜化的特點(diǎn),既有不斷擴(kuò)張行政權(quán)的客觀需求,也有改善行政執(zhí)法體制的強(qiáng)烈呼喚。2011年《中華人民共和國行政強(qiáng)制法》(以下簡稱《行政強(qiáng)制法》)正是在這樣一個(gè)歷史背景下,承載者諸多美好的愿景面世,成為我國行政法律制度發(fā)展史上的大事件。然而,《行政強(qiáng)制法》并沒有像人們所期待地那樣,能夠徹底解決行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)行使過程中存在的突出問題：各執(zhí)行主體之間權(quán)力配置不合理,行政機(jī)關(guān)強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)不足、執(zhí)行難,司法權(quán)、行政權(quán)錯位、執(zhí)行程序及法律救濟(jì)制度存在漏洞等等。因而,還需要突破現(xiàn)有制度的束縛,大膽地進(jìn)行改革。為此,筆者在深入研究現(xiàn)行制度的基礎(chǔ)上,提出解決以上問題的可行性方案——相對集中行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)。本文對“相對集中行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)”的研究包括三個(gè)部分。第一部分是“相對集中行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)”的基本內(nèi)涵及理論,在對其基本內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行介紹的基礎(chǔ)上,從公共管理理論、行政效能理論以及“權(quán)力與權(quán)利”的平衡理論三個(gè)層面進(jìn)行分析。第二個(gè)部分介紹了國內(nèi)外“相對集中行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)”制度的基本狀況。首先立足于介紹我國制度狀況,指出其存在的問題,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對其“相對集中”的情況進(jìn)行評價(jià)。然后對美國、德國和日本等具有代表性的國外的行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行制度作了介紹,指出其制度“相對集中”的基本情況和值得我國學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒的具體制度和做法。第三部分對如何構(gòu)建相對集中行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)展開介紹。包括權(quán)力主體及其權(quán)力內(nèi)容的確立、執(zhí)行程序的構(gòu)建以及法律救濟(jì)制度的構(gòu)建三方面。其中權(quán)力主體包括各專門行政機(jī)關(guān)、綜合執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)、行政執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)、人民法院。對各專門行政機(jī)關(guān)依法享有的權(quán)力予以維持,并賦予其即時(shí)強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的權(quán)力。綜合執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)享有的權(quán)力與其日常行政執(zhí)法活動有關(guān),權(quán)力范圍限定于與其行政執(zhí)法權(quán)有關(guān)的行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)。行政執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)享有的權(quán)力則主要是指行政機(jī)關(guān)無權(quán)行使、執(zhí)行主體不明、職權(quán)交叉的行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行權(quán)。人民法院對涉及相對人人身自由、重大財(cái)產(chǎn)性權(quán)利行政強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的司法審查權(quán)。執(zhí)行程序包括行政機(jī)關(guān)適用的一般程序、特殊程序、即時(shí)強(qiáng)制程序和人民法院的司法審查程序四個(gè)部分。法律救濟(jì)制度包括執(zhí)行異議、行政復(fù)議、行政訴訟、司法復(fù)議以及國家賠償?shù)取?br/>[Abstract]:Administrative activities need to be carried out in an orderly manner under the norms of the administrative legal system. However, if the system lags behind the actual needs, it will restrict or even hinder the smooth implementation of administrative activities. China is in the transition period of social and economic development, administrative affairs show the characteristics of diversification and complexity, not only the objective demand for expanding administrative power, but also the strong call to improve the administrative law enforcement system. 2011 "Administrative compulsory Law of the people's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as "Administrative compulsory Law") is under such a historical background, the carrier has a lot of beautiful vision. It has become a great event in the history of the development of administrative legal system in our country. However, the Administrative Enforcement Law has not completely solved the outstanding problems existing in the exercise of administrative enforcement power as expected: unreasonable allocation of power among executive subjects, insufficient enforcement power of administrative organs, difficulties in enforcement, judicial power, misplacement of administrative power, loopholes in enforcement procedures and legal relief systems, and so on. Therefore, it is also necessary to break through the shackles of the existing system and boldly carry out reforms. Therefore, on the basis of in-depth study of the current system, the author puts forward a feasible scheme to solve the above problems, that is, relatively centralized administrative enforcement power. The research on "relatively centralized administrative enforcement power" in this paper consists of three parts. The first part is the basic connotation and theory of "relatively centralized administrative enforcement power". On the basis of introducing its basic connotation, it is analyzed from three aspects: public management theory, administrative efficiency theory and the balance theory of "power and right". The second part introduces the basic situation of the system of relatively centralized administrative enforcement power at home and abroad. First of all, based on the introduction of the institutional situation of our country, this paper points out the existing problems, and on this basis, evaluates the situation of its "relative concentration". Then it introduces the representative foreign administrative enforcement system such as the United States, Germany and Japan, and points out the basic situation of its system "relatively concentrated" and the specific systems and practices worthy of our country's study and reference. The third part introduces how to construct the relatively centralized administrative enforcement power. Including the establishment of the subject of power and its power content, the construction of execution procedure and the construction of legal relief system. Among them, the main body of power includes various special administrative organs, comprehensive law enforcement agencies, administrative executive organs, and people's courts. Maintain the powers enjoyed by the special administrative organs in accordance with the law and give them the power to enforce them immediately. The power enjoyed by the comprehensive law enforcement organ is related to its daily administrative law enforcement activities, and the scope of power is limited to the administrative enforcement power related to its administrative law enforcement power. The power enjoyed by the administrative executive organ mainly refers to the administrative enforcement power which the administrative organ does not have the right to exercise, the subject of execution is unknown, and the functions and powers are intersected. The judicial examination power of the people's court concerning the administrative enforcement of the personal freedom and major property rights of the relative person. The execution procedure includes four parts: the general procedure applicable to the administrative organ, the special procedure, the immediate compulsory procedure and the judicial review procedure of the people's court. The legal relief system includes executive objection, administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, judicial reconsideration and state compensation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.1

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