【摘要】：隨著信息技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,數(shù)字時代政府公共服務(wù)的提供和信息技術(shù)的使用緊密結(jié)合起來。政府部門在行政過程中生成、采集和保存了大量的數(shù)據(jù),成為一個國家最主要的數(shù)據(jù)保有者。政府所保存的這些數(shù)據(jù)與公民的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會生活息息相關(guān)。數(shù)字時代,政府利用信息技術(shù)向社會公眾開放其所保有的數(shù)據(jù),供社會進(jìn)行增值和創(chuàng)新利用,創(chuàng)造社會價值。近年來,開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的實踐在全世界范圍內(nèi)如火如荼地開展。對開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),政府在開放數(shù)據(jù)的過程中只關(guān)注數(shù)據(jù)開放過程,卻不關(guān)心數(shù)據(jù)如何被使用,因而開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的潛力和價值并沒有得到真正的實現(xiàn)。本文以用戶對開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的利用為導(dǎo)向,將信息管理領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)接受模型引入公共管理領(lǐng)域,并直接應(yīng)用到開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的實踐中,指出影響用戶對開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)利用的關(guān)鍵因素是：用戶有用性認(rèn)知和易用性認(rèn)知,而用戶有用性認(rèn)知和易用性認(rèn)知的直接來源是政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的有用性和易用性,從而提出了政府開放數(shù)據(jù)過程中的關(guān)鍵：即數(shù)據(jù)的有用性和易用性管理。本文將政府和用戶作為開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)過程中的兩個關(guān)鍵利益相關(guān)方,政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)開放過程和用戶數(shù)據(jù)利用過程作為開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的兩個主要階段,利用系統(tǒng)動態(tài)學(xué)的方法,從理論層面構(gòu)建了以用戶利用為導(dǎo)向的開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的動態(tài)模型。在實證研究方面,將研究的側(cè)重點(diǎn)放在對政府開放數(shù)據(jù)的有用性和易用性管理的分析上,并以紐約市和上海市的開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)實踐為案例,重點(diǎn)比較政府對數(shù)據(jù)的有用性和易用性管理,設(shè)計了13個觀察指標(biāo),并分析影響開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)有用性和易用性的關(guān)鍵因素。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),積極的高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)推動、立法和詳細(xì)的實施計劃、專業(yè)的組織機(jī)構(gòu)團(tuán)隊、開放的政府文化傳統(tǒng)和全面的用戶反饋機(jī)制這五個因素是影響開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)有用性和易用性的關(guān)鍵因素,從而為上海市開放政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)有用性和易用性的發(fā)展提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of information technology, the provision of government public services and the use of information technology are closely combined in the digital age. Government departments generate, collect and preserve a large number of data in the administrative process, becoming the most important data holder in a country. The data kept by the government are closely related to the economic and social life of citizens. In the digital age, the government makes use of information technology to open up the data it holds to the public, for the society to add value, innovate and create social value. In recent years, the practice of open government data is in full swing around the world. The research on open government data shows that the government only pays attention to the process of open data, but does not care about how the data is used, so the potential and value of open government data have not been realized. Based on the user's use of open government data, this paper introduces the technology acceptance model in the field of information management into the field of public administration, and directly applies it to the practice of open government data. It is pointed out that the key factors influencing users' utilization of open government data are: user's perception of usefulness and ease of use, and the direct source of user's cognition of usefulness and ease of use is the usefulness and ease of use of government data. Thus, the key points in the process of government open data are put forward, that is, the usefulness and ease of use of data management. This paper takes the government and the user as the two key stakeholders in the process of open government data, the open process of government data and the process of using user data as the two main stages of open government data. The dynamic model of user-oriented open government data is constructed theoretically. In empirical research, the research focuses on the analysis of the usefulness and ease of use of open government data, and takes the practice of open government data in New York City and Shanghai as an example. This paper focuses on the comparison of the usefulness and ease of use of government data, designs 13 observation indexes, and analyzes the key factors that affect the usefulness and ease of use of open government data. The study found that active senior leadership driven, legislated and detailed implementation plans, professional organizational teams, The five factors of open government culture tradition and comprehensive user feedback mechanism are the key factors that affect the usability and usability of open government data, thus providing reference for the development of open government data availability and usability in Shanghai.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D035

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