【摘要】：金融是現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的中樞,農(nóng)村金融對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要,解決“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題需要農(nóng)村金融作為助力。隨著我國(guó)進(jìn)入到中等收入階段,中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融面臨著發(fā)展與轉(zhuǎn)型的雙重難題。一方面是世界上發(fā)展中國(guó)家普遍存在的“正規(guī)化”金融與小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不對(duì)路問(wèn)題；另一方面,是對(duì)原有經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下業(yè)已形成的農(nóng)村固有金融體系進(jìn)行改造的轉(zhuǎn)型問(wèn)題,核心是改善農(nóng)村金融供給的問(wèn)題。兩大問(wèn)題同時(shí)存在,導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前農(nóng)村金融需求得不到有效滿足,金融供給嚴(yán)重不足。目前,從萊蕪市的情況來(lái)看,農(nóng)業(yè)大戶(hù)如產(chǎn)業(yè)化龍頭企業(yè)、發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好的農(nóng)民專(zhuān)業(yè)合作社已具備傳統(tǒng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)質(zhì)借款對(duì)象的特征,受到傳統(tǒng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的追捧,而尚處于行業(yè)發(fā)展初期原始積累階段的農(nóng)戶(hù)、農(nóng)村小微企業(yè)往往得不到現(xiàn)有農(nóng)村銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的金融支持。萊蕪市農(nóng)村金融供給不足特別是新型農(nóng)村金融供給發(fā)展滯后的直觀原因是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平低,缺乏有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的貸款項(xiàng)目,農(nóng)村文化及信用環(huán)境差,增加了金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)貸款發(fā)生不良的擔(dān)憂,經(jīng)營(yíng)農(nóng)村地區(qū)貸款的人力、物力成本高等,但是,根據(jù)新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論,金融制度是金融服務(wù)的主要決定因素,制度的有效性決定了農(nóng)村金融供給水平,進(jìn)而影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平,因此,制度原因是最根本的原因。過(guò)往的研究主要從金融供需的專(zhuān)業(yè)角度出發(fā)進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)其中的制度、政策因素研究偏于宏觀、不夠全面,論文從制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基本觀點(diǎn)出發(fā),以萊蕪市為例,認(rèn)為當(dāng)前農(nóng)村金融供給不足的根本性原因是國(guó)家及地方的經(jīng)濟(jì)金融制度安排及政策設(shè)計(jì)已顯著落后于農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展水平,并基于新公共管理理論針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題提出了對(duì)策建議,指出進(jìn)行政府誘導(dǎo)的制度變革是加快農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展,支持農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的必由之路。
[Abstract]:Finance is the center of modern economy. Rural finance is very important to the development of rural economy. As China enters the middle-income stage, Chinese rural finance is faced with the dual problems of development and transformation. On the one hand, the problem of "regularization" finance and small-scale peasant economy is common in developing countries in the world; On the other hand, it is the transformation of the existing rural financial system, the core of which is to improve the supply of rural finance. Two major problems exist simultaneously, leading to the current rural financial demand can not be effectively met, the financial supply is seriously inadequate. At present, judging from the situation in Laiwu City, large agricultural households, such as leading enterprises in industrialization, and specialized farmers' cooperatives, which have good development momentum, already have the characteristics of high-quality borrowing objects of traditional financial institutions, and have been sought after by traditional financial institutions. However, for the farmers who are still in the initial accumulation stage of industry development, the rural small and micro enterprises often can not get the financial support from the existing rural banking financial institutions. The lack of rural financial supply in Laiwu, especially the backward development of new-type rural financial supply, is due to the low level of rural economic development, the lack of competitive loan projects, and the poor rural culture and credit environment. Increased financial institutions' concern about bad loans, high human and material costs to run loans in rural areas, etc., however, according to the new institutional economics theory, the financial system is the main determinant of financial services. The effectiveness of the system determines the level of rural financial supply, and then affects the level of economic development. Therefore, the institutional reason is the most fundamental reason. Past studies mainly from the professional point of view of financial supply and demand, the system of which, policy factors on the macro, not comprehensive, the paper from the basic point of view of institutional economics, Laiwu City as an example, It is considered that the fundamental reason for the current shortage of rural financial supply is that the arrangement and policy design of national and local economic and financial systems have lagged behind the level of rural economic development. Based on the new public management theory, the author puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the existing problems, and points out that the only way to accelerate the development of rural finance and to support the modernization of agriculture is to carry out the system reform induced by the government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.35

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