本文選題：養(yǎng)老服務體系 + 城鎮(zhèn)化　； 參考：《西南財經大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著老年人口的激增,中國迎來了老齡化時代。在空巢化、家庭規(guī)模小型化的雙重作用下,傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老難以支撐龐大的老年人口,使得老年人對于養(yǎng)老服務的需求與日俱增。如何老有所養(yǎng)、老有所樂成為中國最受關注的問題之一。近年來,中國政府高度關注民生問題,把保障和改善民生作為政府工作的重點來加以解決,越來越多的惠民措施得以實施,養(yǎng)老服務體系建設也提上日程。 隨著中國城鎮(zhèn)化進程,城鎮(zhèn)周邊的城鄉(xiāng)結合部逐步由農村變?yōu)槌鞘?政府統(tǒng)一對失地農民進行集中安置,進而形成了一個個拆遷安置社區(qū)。這些失地農民因為城市的發(fā)展而改變了身份：從農民變成了城市居民。拆遷安置社區(qū)是農村社區(qū)到城市社區(qū)的一個中間狀態(tài),在這樣的社區(qū)中居民處于身份轉變、生活方式轉變的適應期,并且由于這些社區(qū)中人口數量龐大,老人數量尤為突出,開展相應的養(yǎng)老服務工作是這種社區(qū)工作的重點。隨著老人的養(yǎng)老方式從土地養(yǎng)老到社會養(yǎng)老的轉變,相關社區(qū)等政府部門面臨了不小的考驗：一方面要提高全社會的養(yǎng)老服務意識,另一方面要建立起多元化的養(yǎng)老服務體系。 本文立足于拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務,希望通過本文的研究,進而探討這樣一系列問題：現(xiàn)行的拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務供給情況如何,有什么經驗及教訓,并且如何根據國內相關城市社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務經驗,建立拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務體系。論文包含了三部分,分別是養(yǎng)老服務體系建設的理論、動力與歷史路徑、實地調研分析以及今后的相關建議。 第一部分,本文對社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務體系建設的相關理論進行了詳細說明,主要從三個方面進行討論：其一,福利多元主義,該理論從福利提供的主體上提出社會福利提供應該由多元主體共同承擔,政府并不是福利提供唯一主體,通過多元主體參與可以保證福利的持續(xù)供給以及質量；其二,嵌入理論提出任何制度的建立都應該嵌入到一定的社會、經濟之中,不能架空于實際情況,在嵌入理論指導下的養(yǎng)老服務體系建設要因地制宜、因時制宜；其三,新公共管理理論對政府機構的管理方法提出改進意見,批評了政府的官僚主義作風,提出政府機構應該以滿足人民的實際需求為目標,提高工作效率,引入競爭機制,放開相關權限。拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務體系建設將在這三種理論的指導下進行。 第二部分主要討論了拆遷安置社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務體系建設中的動力與歷史路徑演變。首先,在人口老齡化、城鎮(zhèn)化、傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老方式危機的三重作用導致原有的養(yǎng)老方式不再適應現(xiàn)有中國的實際情況的大背景下,本文從一般城市社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務體系建設入手,討論社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務體系建設的動力。其次,通過對中國養(yǎng)老服務體系建設的歷史路徑進行分析,以歷史的眼光正視中國近年來社區(qū)服務、養(yǎng)老服務方面的經驗教訓,總結了養(yǎng)老服務發(fā)展的幾種路徑：政府主導路徑、社會化路徑和合并路徑,并通過對三種路徑的解釋與案例分析,找出三種路徑發(fā)展和改革的因素,最終本文得出合并路徑是符合中國現(xiàn)有條件的最佳路徑。 第三部分本文采取了實地調研的方式展開,采用了問卷法和訪問法,通過對一個典型拆遷安置社區(qū)的調查,分別從社區(qū)等相關服務供給方和老年居民需求方兩個方面展開,試圖挖掘這個拆遷安置社區(qū)現(xiàn)有養(yǎng)老服務的經驗教訓,并找出問題所在。根據調查結果分析,結合相關理論,本文最后提出相應的政策建議。 針對社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務研究的文獻很多,但關于拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務模式的研究還很少,大多數拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務還處于試點階段。無論是城市社區(qū)還是農村社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務體系建設,都還未形成能向全國推廣的成功模式。本文創(chuàng)新地選擇拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務體系為研究對象,雖然現(xiàn)實中還存在許多障礙因素,但理論層面的探討是實踐應用的先行者。因此,本文通過理論探討和實踐案例分析兩方面努力,希望能夠通過理論的探討,結合實際案例分析,可以為中國拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務體系建設提供一種行動路徑。
[Abstract]:With the surge of the elderly population , China is facing an aging era . Under the double effect of cavitation and miniaturization of family size , the traditional family pension is difficult to support the huge old people ' s mouth , so that the old people become one of China ' s most concerned problems . In recent years , the Chinese government has paid great attention to the livelihood issues , has solved the security and improve the livelihood of the people as the focus of the government work , and more and more of the people ' s livelihood measures have been implemented , and the construction of the old - care service system is also put on the agenda .

With the process of urbanization in China , the urban and rural areas around town are gradually changed from countryside to city , and the government unified the resettlement of the lost land farmers , thus forming a resettlement community . The resettlement community is an intermediate state of the rural community to the urban community . In this way , the residents are in an intermediate state of their identity transformation and life style .

This paper is based on the old - age service of resettlement community , hoping to explore a series of problems : how to supply the old - age service in the current resettlement community , what experiences and lessons can be learned , and how to establish the old - age service system for the resettlement community according to the experience of the old - age service in the domestic relevant city community . The paper contains three parts : the theory , the power and the historical path , the field investigation and analysis and the relevant suggestions in the future .

In the first part , this paper gives a detailed explanation of the relevant theories of community - based pension service system construction , mainly from three aspects : first , welfare pluralism , the theory proposed from the main body of the welfare provision should be borne by the multi - element body , the government is not the only main body for the welfare , and the continuous supply and the quality of the welfare can be ensured through the participation of the multiple subjects ;
Second , the embedding theory suggests that the establishment of any system should be embedded in a certain social and economic situation , cannot be raised in the actual situation , and the construction of the old - age service system under the guidance of embedded theory should be adapted to the local conditions .
Third , the new public administration theory puts forward the improvement opinions on the management methods of the government agencies , criticized the government ' s bureaucratic style of work , put forward that the government agencies should aim at meeting the actual needs of the people , improve the work efficiency , introduce the competition mechanism and release the relevant authorities . The construction of the old - age service system in the resettlement community will be conducted under the guidance of these three theories .

The second part mainly discusses the evolution of the dynamic and historical path in the construction of the old - age service system in the resettlement community . First , based on the analysis of the historical path of the old - age service system in China , this paper analyzes the historical path of the old - age service system , and summarizes several paths for the development of the old - age service system : the government - led path , the socialization path and the merging path , and finds out the three kinds of path development and reform factors through the explanation and case analysis of the three paths . Finally , the author concludes that the merging path is the best path which meets the existing conditions of China .

In the third part , the investigation of the field investigation is carried out , and the questionnaire method and the access method are adopted . Through the investigation of a typical resettlement community , the paper tries to find out the experiences and lessons of the existing old - age service in the community , and find out the problem . According to the analysis of the findings and the relevant theories , the paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations .

In view of the many literatures of community - based pension service research , the research on the old - age service model of resettlement community is very few , and the old - age service system in most resettlement communities is still in the pilot phase . In spite of many obstacles in the construction of the old - age service system in the urban community and the rural community , this paper tries to explore the old - age service system of the resettlement community .
【學位授予單位】：西南財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D669.6

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 黃藝紅;劉海涌;;城市老年人服務需求的實證研究[J];北華大學學報(社會科學版);2006年02期

2 張文范;社區(qū)養(yǎng)老社會化服務的戰(zhàn)略意義[J];上海城市管理職業(yè)技術學院學報;2004年06期

3 林義;波蘭尼的制度經濟學思想及其啟示[J];財經科學;2001年03期

4 趙倫;林茂松;蔣勇杰;陳濤;;社區(qū)自治制度變遷與失地農民的制度適應——成都市×社區(qū)典型個案實證研究[J];調研世界;2008年05期

5 謝建社;朱明;;構建和諧社區(qū)的社會學思考[J];廣東行政學院學報;2007年02期

6 周沛;論社會工作中的社區(qū)保障[J];江海學刊;2003年02期

7 黃少寬;廣州市社區(qū)老人服務需求及現(xiàn)狀的調查與思考[J];南方人口;2005年01期

8 熊躍;需要理論及其在老人照顧領域中的應用[J];人口學刊;1998年05期

9 朱國宏,盧元;中國老齡產業(yè)的發(fā)展?jié)摿?一個需求方面的分析[J];人口研究;2001年06期

10 潘金洪,王曉風,應啟龍;江蘇省社區(qū)老齡服務需求調查分析[J];市場與人口分析;2000年03期

，

本文編號：2110416