本文選題：政府公共投資 + 民生現(xiàn)狀　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：政府公共投資是各國政府行使社會公共管理職能和實施宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控的重要手段。隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,我國面臨著經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會發(fā)展失衡的境況,民生問題日益凸顯。在這一背景下,政府公共投資的理論研究及如何合理利用這一宏觀調(diào)控工具來提高社會福利水平已經(jīng)成為社會關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。在公共投資研究領(lǐng)域,學(xué)者對公共投資的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)研究較多,而對其社會民生效應(yīng)關(guān)注較少；對民生的研究多局限于“民生涵義—?dú)v史發(fā)展—民生現(xiàn)狀—如何改善民生”研究路徑,缺乏對民生的實證研究。因此,本文系統(tǒng)分析了政府公共投資對民生的作用機(jī)制,并充分運(yùn)用本國數(shù)據(jù)對我國政府公共投資的民生效應(yīng)進(jìn)行實證檢驗分析,以更明確地認(rèn)識我國政府公共投資在民生發(fā)展中的作用,對我國政府優(yōu)化公共投資結(jié)構(gòu),提高社會福利水平具有重要的理論及現(xiàn)實意義。 本文將民生改善定義為市場上公共物品和私人物品的供給滿足了人們的消費(fèi)需求,提高消費(fèi)者效用水平,從而使人們對生活感到滿意。按照政府公共投資對不同產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)需求的影響,本文將政府公共投資的民生效應(yīng)劃分為直接效應(yīng)和間接效應(yīng)。直接效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為政府公共投資直接促使了社會公共品供給的增加,如教育、社會保障水平的提升,滿足人們對公共物品的需求；間接效應(yīng)是指政府公共投資通過影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、就業(yè)、居民收入等方面對私人產(chǎn)品的供給和消費(fèi)產(chǎn)生作用。在借鑒相關(guān)理論分析基礎(chǔ)上,本文詳細(xì)分析了政府公共投資的直接效應(yīng)、就業(yè)效應(yīng)和收入效應(yīng)的作用機(jī)制,并提出了相應(yīng)的理論假設(shè)：(1)政府公共投資與教育、社會保障等公共品供給成正相關(guān)關(guān)系；(2)政府公共投資對就業(yè)具有正效應(yīng)；(3)政府公共投資能夠優(yōu)化就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)；(4)政府公共投資能夠增加城鎮(zhèn)居民收入水平；(5)政府公共投資能夠增加農(nóng)村居民收入水平。 在理論分析基礎(chǔ)上,本文運(yùn)用協(xié)整檢驗、向量自回歸模型(VAR)及誤差修正模型(EMC)等實證分析方法,以1990-2012年的政府投資及民生方面的數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù),對政府公共投資對有關(guān)民生的教育、社會保障、就業(yè)及收入方面的作用進(jìn)行相關(guān)實證檢驗分析,研究結(jié)果分別驗證了理論分析中提出的五個理論假設(shè)：第一,政府公共投資能夠提高我國教育水平和社會保障水平；第二,短期內(nèi)會使我國城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率下降,但長期失業(yè)率的下降需要非政府公共投資發(fā)揮主要作用；第三,政府公共投資能夠優(yōu)化我國就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),促使勞動力從第一產(chǎn)業(yè)向二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移；第四,在增加居民收入方面政府公共投資主要發(fā)揮長期作用,短期內(nèi)收入水平受前期收入水平和非政府公共投資的影響。 綜上分析,政府公共投資能夠促進(jìn)民生改善。我國政府在公共投資過程中應(yīng)以公共服務(wù)需求界定政府公共投資范圍并根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段進(jìn)行調(diào)整,優(yōu)化政府投資結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)政府公共投資由基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)向公共服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移,政府公共投資重點(diǎn)應(yīng)由城市轉(zhuǎn)向農(nóng)村,加大對農(nóng)村的投入,促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收以縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距；同時政府公共投資應(yīng)起到引導(dǎo)和監(jiān)管的作用,充分發(fā)揮非政府公共投資對民生改善的重要作用。
[Abstract]:Government public investment is an important means for governments to exercise social public management functions and implement macroeconomic regulation and control. With the rapid development of market economy, China is facing the situation of imbalance between economic and social development. The problem of people's livelihood has become increasingly prominent. In this context, the theoretical study of government public investment and how to make use of this macro reasonably In the field of public investment research, scholars have more research on the economic effects of public investment, but less attention to the social livelihood effect of public investment. The research on people's livelihood is limited to "the meaning of the people's livelihood - the present situation of the people's livelihood - how to improve the people's livelihood" "Research path, lack of empirical research on the livelihood of the people. Therefore, this paper systematically analyzes the mechanism of government public investment on the people's livelihood, and makes an empirical analysis of the people's livelihood effect of the government's public investment in our country, so as to make a clear understanding of the role of the government public investment in the development of the people's livelihood and to our government." It is of great theoretical and practical significance to optimize the structure of public investment and raise the level of social welfare.
This paper defines the improvement of people's livelihood as the supply of public goods and private goods on the market, which satisfies people's consumption demand, improves the consumer utility level, and makes people feel satisfied with life. According to the influence of government public investment on the consumption demand of different products, this paper divides the people's livelihood effect of government public investment into direct effect. The direct effect shows that the government public investment directly promotes the increase of the supply of public goods, such as education, the promotion of social security level, and the demand for public goods. The indirect effect refers to the supply and elimination of private products by the government's public investment in the aspects of economic development, employment, and residents' income. On the basis of related theory analysis, this paper analyzes the direct effect of government public investment, employment effect and the effect mechanism of income effect, and puts forward the corresponding theoretical hypothesis: (1) the government public investment and education, social security and other public goods supply has a positive correlation; (2) government public investment for employment. It has positive effect; (3) the government public investment can optimize the employment structure; (4) the government public investment can increase the income level of urban residents; (5) the government public investment can increase the income level of rural residents.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper uses cointegration test, vector autoregressive model (VAR) and error correction model (EMC) to analyze the role of government public investment on people's livelihood education, social security, employment and income on the basis of 1990-2012 years' data of government investment and people's livelihood. The results of the analysis verify the five theoretical hypotheses put forward in the theoretical analysis: first, the government public investment can improve the level of education and social security in our country; second, in the short term, the registered unemployment rate will decrease in China's cities and towns, but the decline of the long-term unemployment rate needs non-governmental public investment to play the main role; third, Government public investment can optimize the employment structure of our country and promote the transfer of labor from the first industry to the two and the three industry. Fourth, the government's public investment plays a long role in increasing the income of the residents. In the short term, the income level is affected by the early income level and the non-governmental public investment.
In a comprehensive analysis, government public investment can promote the improvement of the people's livelihood. In the process of public investment, the government should define the scope of public investment in the public service demand and adjust it according to the stage of economic development, optimize the structure of government investment, promote the transfer of public investment from basic Shi Jianshe to public service, and the government's public investment is heavy. It should be shifted from cities to rural areas, increase investment in rural areas, promote the increase of farmers' income and reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, and government public investment should play the role of guidance and supervision, giving full play to the important role of non-governmental public investment on the improvement of the people's livelihood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F299.24;D67

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