本文選題：地役權(quán) + 用益物權(quán)　； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：地役權(quán)起源于古老的羅馬法，隨著實(shí)踐的發(fā)展，古典時(shí)期的法學(xué)家早已認(rèn)為地役權(quán)是一系列類似權(quán)利的總稱。地役權(quán)的價(jià)值絕不僅僅體現(xiàn)在相鄰不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的利關(guān)系的調(diào)整上，是地役權(quán)為我們提供了一種用益物權(quán)的一般模式，凡事對他人不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的用益與使用，在沒有合適的他物權(quán)形式時(shí)，均可通過設(shè)立地役權(quán)的形式進(jìn)行，從而獲得物權(quán)性保護(hù)。 時(shí)代在不斷發(fā)展，兩大法系關(guān)于地役權(quán)制度方面的發(fā)展體現(xiàn)了極大地趨同性，各國立法與判例都突破陳規(guī)，承認(rèn)形式多樣的地役權(quán)，使得地役權(quán)的類型與內(nèi)容更趨向于自由化與私人的自治性。當(dāng)事人通過意思自治達(dá)成的土地利用方式，可以地役權(quán)形式將債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)化成物權(quán)受到保護(hù)。一些隱形的民事權(quán)利、利益因此顯現(xiàn)獲得承認(rèn)，進(jìn)而獲得物權(quán)性保障、或者在權(quán)利受損時(shí)，能獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償。比如美國立法與司法承認(rèn)并保護(hù)太陽能役權(quán)、環(huán)保役權(quán)、歷史文物役權(quán)。民事權(quán)利在面對政府因公共管理需要，公權(quán)力入侵時(shí)獲得抗衡。 我國的土地使用權(quán)制度完成了對土地資源的分配。我國人口眾多，土地與空間資源緊張，權(quán)利主體對資源的排他性使用也在一定程度上造成了資源的低效率利用。地役權(quán)制度能夠在當(dāng)事人意思自治的基礎(chǔ)上限制產(chǎn)權(quán)人土地資源的壟斷使用，以發(fā)揮需役地與供役地土地的最大功效。地役權(quán)作為物權(quán)，較于債權(quán)更具穩(wěn)定性與長期性、兼具彌補(bǔ)物權(quán)法定不足之功能，，我國地役權(quán)制度在其適用過程中若僅僅將被定位于鄰地使用權(quán)，相鄰關(guān)系的延伸，原有功能受限，適用范圍過窄，在其他民事法律制度缺位或適用局限的情況下，已無法調(diào)整諸多不動(dòng)產(chǎn)資源利用矛盾。因此，我們在實(shí)際運(yùn)用地役權(quán)制度時(shí)，宜將地役權(quán)定位于一般用益物權(quán)之模型，為各種不動(dòng)產(chǎn)利用方式提供物權(quán)保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:Easement originated from the ancient Roman law. With the development of practice, the jurists in the classical period considered easement as a general term of a series of similar rights. The value of easement is not only reflected in the adjustment of the interest relationship of adjacent immovable property, but also the easement provides us with a general mode of usufruct. Can be through the establishment of easements in the form of property rights to obtain protection. The development of the two major legal systems on easement system reflects a great convergence, legislation and jurisprudence of various countries have broken through the stereotypes and recognized the various forms of easement. The types and contents of easements tend to liberalize and private autonomy. Through the means of land use, the parties can convert the creditor's rights into real rights and be protected in the form of easement. Some hidden civil rights, so the benefits are recognized, and then the property rights are protected, or when the rights are damaged, they can get economic compensation. For example, the United States legislation and judicial recognition and protection of the right to solar power, environmental servitude, historical antiquities servitude. Civil rights are counterbalanced in the face of the need of public administration and the invasion of public power. China's land use right system has completed the allocation of land resources. Because of the large population and the shortage of land and space resources, the exclusive use of resources by the subject of rights also results in the inefficient utilization of resources to a certain extent. The easement system can restrict the monopoly use of land resources of property owners on the basis of the autonomy of the parties, so as to exert the maximum effect of the land for servitude and servitude. As the real right, the easement is more stable and long-term than the creditor's rights, and also has the function of making up for the deficiency of the law of real right. If the easement system in our country is only positioned as the right to use the adjacent land in its application, the extension of the adjacent relationship. The original function is limited, the scope of application is too narrow, in the absence of other civil legal systems or the application of limitations, it has been unable to adjust many contradictions in the use of real estate resources. Therefore, when we apply the easement system in practice, we should position the easement as the model of general usufruct right and provide real right protection for all kinds of real estate utilization methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923.2

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